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锌价 重心将进一步抬升

2017-10-11 10:32:56   

低库存推动下

今年下半年以来,锌价再度重拾上行趋势,沪锌更是出现多个合约出现封住涨停。国庆节后,在伦锌的带领下,沪锌再次刷新年内高点,主力合约摸高26935元/吨。一直以来,我们都强调极度低库存所带来的极端行情,而对于未来数月的逻辑依然如此,供不应求的现状已普遍被市场所接受,而此时市场博弈的焦点演变为现有库存是否能够撑到远期供应大幅回归,即价格表达现有库存的紧张程度。

锌精矿恢复不及预期

随着锌价的高企,市场预期境内外矿山具有较高的复产积极性。然而,精矿增量并不及市场预期的顺利,尤以境内最为明显。今年连续不断的环保检查与督察,令国内各省,诸如四川、福建、广西等地锌精矿生产受到明显扰动,致使国内锌精矿产量甚至不及去年水平。精矿增量不及预期,加上去年全球范围内锌精矿库存基本已被消化殆尽,从而限制了今年冶炼的产出。

上半年,由于境内冶炼厂出现集中且连续检修,使得市场对精矿需求阶段性下降,加工费有所上调。但自三季度起,国内冶炼厂集中复产以及冬储原料采购,锌精矿需求量骤起,令加工费立马下调,近期更有甚至进口矿报价低至20—25美元/吨,重新回到2016年最紧张时刻的报价。

消费增长良好

今年前三季度,国内冶炼厂出现频繁检修。数据显示,1—8月锌锭累计产量为395.7万吨,同比下降4.6%;国内累计消费增速为1.5%,明显的供需增速不匹配令国内连续去库存,并且率先出现十年以来的低位库存水平。中国境内短缺刺激境外库存大量输入中国的货物流,从而使得境外同时进行去库存,根据库存/消费数据匡算,目前全球可用库存仅有3个消费周左右。

参考历史行情,库存最低时的2006年段,报告库存最低达到2.5个消费周,而当时伦锌价格高至3700美元/吨之上。目前,我国进入消费旺季,虽然采暖季华北及周边地区环保严控将拖累锌消费,但在供需缺口被证伪之前,锌市还将继续处于去库存进程之中,在极低库存的矛盾激化下,锌价将出现更为激烈的走势。

近高远低基差急剧扩大

自二季度开始,国内连续去库存效果良好,社会库存率先接近十年以来的低点。低库存下,市场出现相对价格的获利机会,且相对价格的波动所带来的收益却异常丰厚。另外,沪锌当月与次月合约之间甚至出现1000元/吨的极端价差。

不仅国内如此,境外库存也逐步达到近十年以来的低位。国庆长假期间,外盘表现如火如荼,伦锌0-3基差更是屡次刷新近十年以来的高位,周内极端价差超过70美元。

总体来看,随着消费的平稳增长,全球范围内去库存还将持续,而低库存不仅带来绝对价格的激烈走势,还将支撑基差结构始终维持近高远低结构。预计沪锌主力合约1712将进一步上行,运行重心推高至25500—28000元/吨一线。此外,由于境内外均处于低库存的阶段,因而LME和国内都将维持近高远低的结构。

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