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期债 建议短空交易为主

2017-09-28 09:47:51   

近期国债期货价格出现了小幅的反弹。考虑到人民币汇率进入贬值周期,预计外汇占款流出将加快。“十一”长假后,市场面临巨额逆回购和MLF到期,资金压力较大。因此,预计国庆长假之后国债会小幅回调。

图为外汇占款余额(单位:亿元)

外资流入不及预期,债市承压下行

去年年底以来,人民币贬值的趋势得到了遏制。今年5月底,受美国加息进程放缓以及中美利差持续扩大的影响,美元兑人民币汇率出现了持续的下跌,这期间人民币出现了6.59%的升值。其中,8月人民币就升值了2.03%,为汇率改革以来的单月最大涨幅。从相关数据来看,外汇占款余额并没有出现市场预期的资金净流入现象。中国人民银行公布的数据显示,8月国内的外汇占款余额为215098.35亿元,较7月下降8.21亿元,维持资金净流出的态势。

自从去年年底人民币贬值的趋势发生改变之后,外汇占款净流出的趋势就出现了明显的放缓。今年1—8月,人民币平均每月净流出0.25%,去年平均每月净流出0.89%。即使人民币大幅升值,中美利差持续扩大,但仍然没有改变外资净流出的现象。美国9月议息会议虽然没有加息,但是宣布“缩表”,美国收紧流动性的进程仍然在不断进行中。受此影响,9月以来人民币大幅贬值,因此我们有理由相信9月底外资流出将会加快,这将加剧国内货币偏紧的局面,推升利率,压制固定收益资产的价格。

节后资金仍然趋紧,利率保持强势

9月中旬,为企业的集中缴税期,市场对于流动性的需求大幅上升,这推升了市场利率的走高。央行为了平抑利率,加大了逆回购的力度。但是受中秋和国庆双节以及银行季末MPA考核的影响,市场的利率仍然延续上升的态势。上周,央行有1135亿元的中期借贷便利(MLF)和2100亿元的逆回购到期,回笼资金3235亿元。央行进行了总额达6600亿元的逆回购,当周央行向市场净投放资金3365亿元。本周央行有5800亿元的逆回购到期,没有MLF到期。本周前两个交易日,央行向市场投放了总额为2500亿元的逆回购。其中,14天期逆回购额度为2000亿元,额度分别为1600亿元、400亿元;28天期逆回购额度为500亿元,额度分别为400亿元、100亿元。国庆长假期间,市场仅有200亿元的逆回购到期。不过,“十一”长假后的第一周,预计市场至少有2900亿元的逆回购到期(周四、周五的公开市场业务还没有公布)。10月中旬期间,预计共有总额4395亿元的MLF到期,市场的流动性趋紧。从今年央行的货币政策操作习惯来看,央行出于去杠杆的考虑一直维持资金紧平衡的状态,预计利率市场保持强势的概率较大,这不利于国债的反弹。

在人民币大幅升值期间,外汇占款仍然保持净流出的状态。随着人民币开始贬值,外汇占款流出的问题开始显现,这减少了国内的流动性总量。除此之外,国庆之后,市场面临大量的逆回购和MLF到期。由于节后资金需求有所下降,央行通常对冲到期资金的量较少,利率可能会出现短期的反弹,这进一步压制了国债的反弹高度。综上所述,笔者认为国债近期的反弹只是短期行为,节后延续弱势的概率较大。操作上,建议短空操作为主,长假期间不建议持仓。

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