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集成电路产业驶入快车道 自主创新托起“中国芯”

2017-09-27 09:47:52   

原标题:集成电路产业驶入快车道 自主创新托起“中国芯”

庞大信息社会的根基是一枚枚小巧的集成电路,通常被人们称为“芯片”。别看芯片“身材小”,他们“喂养”着现代工业,手机、电脑、家电、高铁、电动车、机器人、医疗仪器等离开他们根本无法运转。

“芯片强则产业强,芯片兴则经济兴,没有芯片就没有安全。”科技部重大专项办公室主任陈传宏说,芯片(集成电路)制造技术是当今世界最高水平微细加工技术,是全球高科技国力竞争的战略必争制高点。

2008年,我国启动实施“极大规模集成电路制造装备及成套工艺”国家科技重大专项(简称集成电路装备专项)。9年来,集成电路高端制造装备和材料从无到有填补产业链空白,制造工艺与封装集成由弱渐强走向世界参与国际竞争,集成电路产业驶入了自主创新发展的快车道。

关键装备实现从无到有

集成电路装备专项实施以来,我国集成电路制造技术和产业实现了从无到有、由弱渐强的巨大变化

“每当集成电路技术进步一代,尺寸就缩小三分之一,对应整个集成度提高4倍。”集成电路装备专项技术总师、中科院微电子研究所所长叶甜春说:“以28纳米技术为例,集成度相当于在指甲盖大小的面积上制造出10亿个以上的晶体管,其中每根导线相当于人体头发丝的三千分之一。更为先进的14纳米技术,则相当于在人体头发丝截面上制造出50万个以上的晶体管,其中每根导线相当于人体头发丝的五千分之一。”

如此精细操作堪比在“针尖上跳舞”,对装备、材料、工艺都是极大的考验,由于涉及高技术含量,制造集成电路的装备价格是一般装备价格的10倍到100倍。长期以来,在集成电路高端装备上我国长期受制于人,因为没有工艺节点达到90纳米、65纳米以下的国内自主研发集成电路装备,只能采用国外的设备。

西方发达国家一直对出口到中国的集成电路制造装备和材料以及工艺技术严格审查和限制。这对我国集成电路产业发展构成了严重制约,问题日益凸显。与此同时,随着我国国民经济的快速发展尤其是信息化进程的加快,对集成电路产品的需求持续快速增长,从2006年开始,集成电路产品超过石油成为我国最大宗进口产品,2013年至今,每年进口额超过2000亿美元。

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