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抢黄金的“中国大妈”去哪儿了?

2017-09-25 09:36:52   中国经济网

经过今年几轮过山车之后,7月以来,现货黄金价格再次从7月7日的低点反弹,又蹭蹭蹭地涨了一波,并在9月8日升至一年新高1357.67美元/盎司。不过,这一轮的价格上扬却不见了“中国大妈”的身影。

黄金是以美元计价的,对美国利率很敏感,美元的下跌是近期金价上涨的主要原因。美元持续走低,导致市场避险情绪蔓延而买入黄金,而朝鲜核爆等地缘局势起到了导火索的作用。随着美联储议息会议的临近,黄金窄幅震荡。9月21日,美联储公布9月利率决议将启动缩表和年内加息预期升温,美元和美债利率上涨,黄金价格下跌。加之美国税改计划正在逐步推进中,有利于美元指数,短期内黄金仍将承压。不过,美朝关系还在发展,美国经济受灾严重和政治不确定性仍在,黄金调整完毕后进一步走强的可能性也有。

很显然,美国因素短期主导着黄金价格走势。抛开这些扰动因素,从供需的角度来看,黄金市场也在发生着巨大的变化。据世界黄金协会统计,2017年上半年,全球范围内黄金需求总量为2004吨,创下8年新低,同比下降14%。金饰需求为967吨,同比上涨5%;科技领域需求为160吨,同比上涨2%;投资需求为700吨,同比减少34%。具体来看,黄金金币需求上升11%,需求强劲,而黄金ETFs及类似产品下降71%;各国央行及其他机构需求为177吨,同比减少了3%。全球黄金供应量方面,2017年上半年全球范围内黄金供应量为2098吨,同比减少了10%;再生金供应量为563吨,同比下降20%。

这一轮黄金上涨却不是“中国大妈”买起来的,从中可以发现,“中国大妈”对金饰的偏爱在降低。今年黄金首饰市场有所恢复,但依然低于长期平均水平。今年二季度全球金饰需求同比增长8%,印度是增长的主要推动力。同期,中国黄金首饰需求继续下滑,同比降低5%至137.7吨,是近五年金饰需求最低的一个季度。金饰需求的主要推动力来自印度,主要原因是印度今年7月开始执行全国商品服务税(GST),部分消费者和黄金交易商在新税执行之前囤金,印度传统节日“佛陀满月节”带来季节性黄金需求。

中国金饰的消费者逐渐年轻化是看不见“大妈们”的另一个因素。80后和90后成为主力消费群,消费品位和消费手段、习惯和大妈们完全不同。越来越多的中国消费者开始关注符合流行时尚和设计美观的珠宝饰品,甚至认为金饰有些过气,这对于金饰行业也是一个巨大的挑战。同时,人们的喜好正在从资产性质较强、易于变卖的24K纯金转向低纯度的18K金和22K金。后者由于可塑性较强、工艺水平较高,受欢迎程度大大增加,这也直接导致了中国黄金门店门可罗雀。

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