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ICO与荷兰郁金香泡沫
2017-09-25 08:01:53 中国经济网
■宋清辉
“我不知道地狱里的哪路妖魔鬼怪被唤醒了,我们的子孙毫无疑问会嘲笑我们这个时代人类的疯狂,在我们这个时代郁金香花竟然被如此顶礼膜拜。”1648年,当时有一个人如此写道。作为人类历史上有记载的最早的投机活动,17世纪荷兰的历史事件——“郁金香泡沫”昭示了此后人类社会的一切投机活动。在对财富狂热追求的过程中,由于羊群效应、理性的完全丧失等,郁金香泡沫的最终破灭,带来的是千百万人的倾家荡产。今天,我们回头再看300多年前,荷兰人爆炒郁金香时的种种怪诞行为,可能会觉得他们都是一群疯子,但今天的我们,炒作ICO这种虚拟货币,又比当时的那些荷兰人炒作植物郁金香高明多少呢?
所谓ICO,全称InitialCoinOf-fering,简译为“数字货币首次公开募资”,概念偷梁换柱于股票市场的IPO。与其不同之处是,IPO是企业为长远健康发展而向公众筹集资金,ICO则是企业为发展而向公众筹集虚拟货币,即发行标的物由证券变成了数字加密的虚拟货币。简而言之,由于不像IPO那样背后是用拟上市公司的资产为抵押,ICO更像是一种众筹,毕竟它的投资人并不拥有公司的任何股份。而且这种的虚拟技术并非独一无二,只要有较高技术能力的人都可以开发出类似的虚拟货币,于是很多技术牛人趋之若鹜,但由于初期的开发费用过高,所以就必须先面向公众提前销售一些“山寨币”来募集资金,这就是ICO。它的问世,随之带来了一场比郁金香事件更甚的博傻游戏。
郁金香当时有多火?在1608年,一个法国人拿着价值3万法郎的珠宝只能换取一株郁金香的球茎。但这与郁金香事件的策源地荷兰相比,仍旧显得微不足道。当郁金香开始在荷兰流传之后,在舆论的鼓吹下,一些人开始对郁金香表现出一种病态的热情,并开始大量囤积郁金香球茎。很快,在1634年的时候,炒作郁金香就成为了荷兰的全民运动,刚进来时还是1000元一株的郁金香花根,一个月后的价格已经翻了20倍。仅仅两年之后,所有的荷兰人把能够卖的都卖了,例如房产、田地等,只是为购买一株郁金香。1634年,为方便郁金香市场交易,荷兰人甚至在阿姆斯特丹的证券交易所内开设了专门固定的交易市场,以接受世界各地有钱向荷兰发出来的订单,不管多贵他们都会毫不犹豫地买卖。
1637年2月,当时荷兰人的平均年收入是150荷兰盾,而一株名为“永远的奥古斯都”的郁金香售价竟然高达6700荷兰盾。必须知道的是,用这笔钱轻轻松松能够买下阿姆斯特丹运河旁边的一幢豪宅。与此同时,郁金香的价格与上一年相比,总涨幅已经达到了5900%!这与2017年疯狂的ICO是何等的相似。2017年ICO到底有多火?没有炒过的人可能都想象不到。拿A股涨停板相比,一个涨停也不过10%,等到下一个涨停板不知要守到什么时候。ICO就完全不一样了,一眨眼可能都是100%的收益,甚至有时是2000%的巨额回报,钱财比捡钱来的还快。一睁眼,账户里又多了几个亿,已经成为ICO这个圈子里最励志的故事。如得到中国虚拟币首骗号称的李笑来,2017年6月,一个ICO项目就能在短短五天内融到1.85亿美元。
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