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燃料乙醇全面推广玉米去库存速度远超预期

2017-09-21 09:27:28   中国经济网

当前,国内玉米库存高达2.4亿吨,再度刷新历史新高。然而,在如此大库存压力之下,市场预期却悄然发生变化。由于燃料乙醇推广政策和玉米深加工政策强力支持,玉米去库存速度大大超出预期。

最新统计数据显示,目前国家临储玉米拍卖累计成交量达4561万吨,国储拍卖价格底部已经从去年的1400元/吨抬升到1800元/吨。而在期货市场,由于现货价格预期高开,并且今年没有政策利空因素,期货价格比去年同期高出250元/吨左右。

为什么玉米市场在库存巨大的情况下,出现如此大的转变?玉米市场供给侧改革是最重要原因。

全国畜牧总站站长、中国饲料工业协会秘书长杨振海在昨日“2017年中国玉米产业大会”上表示,2020年调减玉米面积5000万亩以上,从总量预期上大幅压缩玉米产量增长,在源头上进行去库存;而玉米深加工行业的复苏和燃料乙醇的全面推广,也成为玉米去库存的又一重要力量。

中粮贸易玉米中心总经理助理柴小峰认为,近期发改委等十五部委联合下发文件,扩大生物燃料乙醇生产和推广使用车用乙醇汽油,引起社会广泛关注。随着乙醇推广得到政策支持,燃料乙醇需求量将从目前的不足260万吨增加到1000万吨以上,理论上相当于新增玉米(包含替代品)需求超过2000万吨。

“我国燃料乙醇产业诞生的最初目的就是解决陈化粮问题。” 杨振海认为,随着政府对环保重视程度加大,燃料乙醇在促进农业发展、改善生态环境、调整能源结构方面具有一定优势。此举将进一步刺激燃料乙醇工业的发展,带动玉米消费。

与此同时,玉米深加工产能已经开始新一轮的扩张。根据国家粮油信息中心的初步统计,在国家发布燃料乙醇生产政策之前,东北地区新增深加工项目13个,新增产能超过1100万吨。产品覆盖淀粉、淀粉糖、结晶糖、氨基酸、酒精等。而受燃料乙醇消费政策推动,未来玉米工业用量还将继续增加。

中国玉米淀粉工业协会秘书长魏旭明认为,这轮玉米深加工投资热的背后是,玉米价格逐渐回归市场,与国际接轨。这种情况下,进口玉米价格优势不太明显,加上玉米加工产品出口退税作用显现,出口将成为玉米“去库存” 的重要方式,国内玉米深加工竞争力会不断增强。这些都是行业发展的利好,也是投资玉米加工集聚的主要原因。

国家粮油信息中心副主任王晓辉认为,“玉米市场需求比预期的要好,政策力度比预期的要大。”虽然从整体上看,玉米总供给仍然是偏多的,但是产量已经开始下降,特别是今年是过去几年以来第一次出现玉米当年产不足需的格局。反映在价格上,就是虽然现在玉米价格仍然偏低,但是已经开始筑底上涨。

杨振海提醒道,目前玉米市场多因素、多行业汇集产生的叠加效应,将加快推进玉米去库存。尽管玉米库存较高,一旦市场预期发生变化,库存消化也会很快,当前玉米去库存速度就大大超出预期。因此,还是要坚持底线思维,把保证粮食安全和农产品(9.060, 0.00, 0.00%)有效供给作为改革的根本前提,避免粮食出现大的滑坡,守住粮食安全底线。

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