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产业人士:玉米去库存速度超出预期

2017-09-21 09:27:27   中国经济网

9月20日,全国畜牧总站站长、中国饲料工业协会秘书长杨振海在第十届中国玉米产业大会上表示,我国是一个人口与农业大国,尽管当前玉米库存较高,但一旦市场预期发生变化,库存消化也会很快,当前玉米去库存速度大大超出预期。因此,要把保证粮食安全和农产品有效供给作为改革的根本前提,守住粮食安全底线。

杨振海认为,国际市场玉米供需形势受金融、能源、气候等因素的影响越来越大。例如2008年美国金融危机引起通胀,推高国际市场粮价。随后经济复苏缓慢,又导致国际市场粮价下跌。与此同时,能源价格波动和生物能源消耗,对粮食生产成本和价格也产生了较大影响。

“从国内情况来看,玉米产量从2007年的1.52亿吨增加到2016年的2.2亿吨,增长44.7%;播种面积从4.42亿亩到5.51亿亩,增长24.7%,玉米已成为我国第一大粮食作物。”杨振海表示,玉米收储政策在过去十年也发生了重大变化,从实施临储收购到取消,再到实行“市场化收购+补贴”政策,国内玉米价格从高于配额内进口完税价到国内外价格逐渐接轨,具备了一定的国际竞争力。国内粮食供求由过去长期供给不足,向目前供需基本平衡乃至阶段性、结构性过剩转变。

他说,在玉米市场频繁波动的大背景下,由大商所主办的玉米产业大会,积极引入风险管理理念,充分发挥期货服务实体经济的功能,为国内企业准确把握宏观经济形势、了解产业政策、研判市场价格走势提供了广泛的信息服务和智力支持,受到行业内外的一致好评。

今年中央一号文件的主题是“深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革,加快培育农业农村发展新动能”。因此,推进农业供给侧结构性改革,提高农业的综合效益和竞争力,是当前和今后一段时期我国农业工作的主攻方向。

杨振海认为,玉米是农业供给侧结构性改革的重点,也是难点。玉米产业链条长,覆盖种植业、养殖业和加工业,具有率先实现第一、二、三产业融合的先天优势,是培育农业农村新动能的重要增长点。同时,玉米种植结构调整关系着农民的“钱袋子”和居民的“米袋子”,影响较大,任务艰巨。

他说,围绕玉米种植结构优化,有关部门从生产和消费两端发力,出台了一系列政策措施,加快推进种植业结构调整,主要是“一减三转”。一是源头减量,二是过腹转化,三是加工转化,四是能源转化。

我国燃料乙醇产业诞生的最初目的就是要解决陈化粮问题。随着政府对环保重视程度的提高,燃料乙醇在促进农业发展、改善生态环境、调整能源结构方面具有一定优势。近期多部门联合下发文件,要扩大生物燃料乙醇生产和推广使用车用乙醇汽油,引起社会广泛关注。此举将进一步刺激燃料乙醇工业的发展,带动玉米消费。

杨振海说,随着玉米价格回归市场,下游养殖业、玉米深加工行业的成本将显著降低,从而进一步激发市场活力和行业热情。多因素、多行业产生的叠加效应,将加快推进玉米去库存。但同时也要看到,我国是一个大国,尽管库存较高,一旦市场预期发生变化,库存消化也会很快,当前玉米去库存速度就大大超出预期。因此,还是要坚持底线思维,把保证粮食安全和农产品有效供给作为改革的根本前提,避免粮食出现大的滑坡,守住粮食安全底线。

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