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职业资格“瘦身”降低就业创业门槛

2017-09-21 08:32:15   中国经济网

李长安

在新一轮简政放权过程中,清理和规范各类职业资格证书就成为改革的一项重要内容。这些举措大大降低了就业创业门槛,有力推动了大众创业、万众创新活动的开展,就业创业者普遍感到受惠良多。

人社部近日公布《国家职业资格目录》,共有140项职业资格最终入选,较之公示时的151项再次减少了11项;其中准入类仅为41项,占总量的29.3%。这些职业资格基本涵盖了经济、教育、卫生、司法、环保、建设、交通等国家重要的行业领域,符合国家职业资格设置的条件和要求。人社部强调,目录之外一律不得许可和认定职业资格,目录之内除准入类职业资格外一律不得与就业创业挂钩。

从本质上来说,职业资格证书是劳动者从事某一职业所必须具备的知识和技能的证明。从1994年开始,劳动部门开始在我国推行国家职业资格证书制度,包括准入类职业资格和水平评价类职业资格,由人社部会同国务院有关主管部门设置。与此同时,各地方、各部门也自行设立了大量职业资格。应该说,职业资格证书制度在规范劳动管理、培养和识别技能型人才等方面发挥了非常积极的作用,也是制定劳动标准的重要依据。

但是,近些年来,随着经济持续增长与产业结构的快速调整,不少职业资格证书逐渐失去了其本来的意义。一些原来需要特殊培训和严格考试才能取得的资格,现在已经变成了正在消失的岗位或大众化的技能;一些职业资格“含金量”较低,参加培训和鉴定的人员支付费用取得证书却没有实际效用。这导致不少人手持一堆“证书”,却依然处于无法找到工作、无法创业的窘境。

另一方面,这些名目繁杂的职业资格证书,对于广大就业创业者来说,却成了横在面前一道难以逾越的“高墙”。更成问题的是,由于存在着巨大的经济利益,职业资格考试往往成了某些部门和个人手中一块充满诱惑力的“唐僧肉”,甚至成为简政放权道路上的一大障碍。

因此,在新一轮简政放权过程中,清理和规范各类职业资格证书就成为改革的一项重要内容。2013年以来,人社部门连续7批集中取消了434项职业资格许可和认定事项,削减比例达70%以上。这些举措大大降低了就业创业门槛,有力推动了大众创业、万众创新活动的开展,就业创业者普遍感到受惠良多。

当然,职业资格“瘦身”并不意味着政府就此彻底放手不管。对于那些关系公共利益、涉及国家安全以及具有较强的专业性和社会通用性、技术技能要求较高的从业者,比如教师、医生、注册会计师等,依然必须要有严格的准入条件。这既是对民众生命财产安全的负责,也是政府行使监管权力的需要。与此同时,还要进一步规范职业资格设置,充分发挥市场在人才评价和培养方面的积极性,更多地将人才的评价交给市场和企业,切断相关部门、培训机构的直接利益链条,从而真正给职业资格松绑。

(作者系对外经济贸易大学教授 博士生导师)

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