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市场规律在铝市现扭曲 谁导演了跨年大戏

2017-09-20 09:32:11   中国经济网

按照市场的供需逻辑,高库存应当对应低价格,低库存应当对应高价格。但这一市场规律在铝市却出现了扭曲:2016年8月,铝市创下历史极低库存——24.1万吨之后,对应铝价才12000元/吨左右;如今铝库存高达160万吨,价格却一度逼近17000元/吨。

分析人士表示,单纯通过库存一个数据来判断价格是片面的。因为与2016年8月份相比较,市场有很多因素发生了变化。揭开迷雾看本质,在库存高达160万吨的情况下,电解铝的生产利润仍高达1500-2000元,这才是铝市最大矛盾。

高库存与高价格并行

“去年8月份历史极低库存20万吨左右时,铝价才12000元/吨上下;如今160万吨的超高库存时,铝价却一度逼近17000元/吨。与当初的市场判断相比,简直是开了一个天大的玩笑!”一位业内人士发文感慨。

2015年铝价延续此前跌势,沪铝主力连续合约一度跌至9620元/吨,创上市以来的历史低点。国内电解铝市场掀起去产能“运动”,国内近30家电解铝厂减产的总产量达到417万吨。这就直接带来了2016年电解铝市场非常明显的去库存。

今年8月,我国电解铝产量264万吨,同比减少3.7%。月度产量连续2个月下降。1-8月累计产量2217万吨,同比增加6.1%,按此进度预计今年电解铝产量3400万吨左右,较去年增加220万吨。随着环保和减产限产措施的实施,目前国内冶炼企业总开工率逐渐下滑,但业内预计电解铝总产量仍将继续创历史新高。价格方面,今年8月份,沪铝在14545元-16755元/吨之间震荡,昨日更是最高上探至16935元/吨。

对于这种库存与价格的背离,东证衍生品研究院有色分析师孙伟东指出,两个阶段的宏观环境差异较大,去年8月份宏观利空因素偏多,而现阶段宏观利多因素偏多。去年8月由于铝水直供比例增加,铝锭库存走低对价格支撑偏弱,市场担忧的还是在于潜在的供给增量,以及需求回升的可持续性。现阶段铝锭库存虽然大幅回升,但在去产能及环保政策持续推进的预期下,市场对未来铝供需由剩转缺的信心逐渐增强,高库存不可持续,采暖季库存将趋于下降等预期掩盖了库存高企的现状,成为推动价格上涨动因。

“铝库存受运输条件影响变动较大,去年8月的低库存主要是运输新政影响,以及铁路车皮紧张所致,新疆地区库存难以流入到内陆,随着节假日消费停滞,运力充沛,库存开始逐渐回升。铝价自2015年年底开始上涨,随着铝价攀升,企业利润增加,冶炼企业复产和增产情况突出。同时,9月是供给侧改革各项政策落地最后期限,部分企业停产前增加了产出,短期铝(16565, 65.00, 0.39%)供应量增加,导致库存上升。”中银国际期货分析师刘超指出。

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