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周期降温消费接力 二线及细分领域龙头受宠

2017-09-18 08:26:49   新华网

一改今年二季度以来疯狂的涨势,近期周期品价格逐步降温,螺纹钢价格上涨放缓,期货价格则在高位震荡。动力煤Q5500秦皇岛现货价本月稳定在610元~615元,期货价格上涨速度也在放缓。

从基差角度来看,螺纹钢期货、动力煤合约基差都已收敛到较低位置,其背后原因可能是市场对周期品信心增强,以及对经济的预期提升。

周期行情背后的逻辑

本轮周期行情表面看是产品涨价逻辑,但实质上是供给侧改革,去产能背景下利润创造效应与利润分配效应驱动。目前看来,供给侧改革成效已现,周期品弹性开始收敛。本轮供给侧改革的初衷是修复上游国有企业日益恶化的资产负债表。从行业来看,煤炭、钢铁先后于2009年左右进入了净资产收益率(ROE)下降,但资产负债率处于不断提高的通道中,有色行业也于2012年左右进入这一趋势。从更宏观层面体现为宏观杠杆率与微观杠杆率的背离,其背后也是无效杠杆导致的资产回报率低下。伴随煤炭、钢铁去产能的推进,上游资源企业,特别是国有控股企业资产负债表修复的角度,已经取得了较为明显的成效,具体表现为:通过利润再分配效应,让主要中上游企业净资产收益率开始上升,而资产负债率开始被动下降。

考虑到实体经济的耐受性,以及其对于中游行业成本的提升,参考去年煤炭去产能276天政策始末以及动力煤价格走势,周期品价格上涨应有顶。周期行情走到现在,市场对于环保限产与周期盈利出现好转已达成共识,周期品期货现货基差收敛至低位,反映市场对于经济预期向好。笔者认为,今年经济偏平稳,适应性预期叠加市场反身性效应,将发生预期强化与修正反复。周期配置性价比弱化,消费盈利稳定吸引海外配置力量,叠加居民消费价格指数(CPI)上涨预期,消费有望成为周期的接力棒。

笔者看来,相对周期股,消费股的表现将更出彩。首先,经济前高后平、金融去杠杆转向稳杠杆,市场预期偏乐观,存在边际修正需要;其次,周期上游涨价主要是由于供给侧收缩造成的,在没有需求端明显提升条件下,从相关产业链整体利润来看,利润再分配效应要强于利润创造效应。上游资源品上涨的持续性高度依赖限产推行力度。资源品涨价延续将显著提升中下游产业成本,挫伤经济力,政策干预提升。周期第二波中后段显著集中于限产涨价相关领域,整体周期品收益风险比下降。另外,从中报来看,消费行业利润增速稳定性更显著。

2005年以来

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