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押错方向 “交易之王”高盛大意失荆州

2017-09-18 07:46:38   中国经济网

在上半年的大宗商品投资领域,包括素有“交易之王”之称的高盛在内的多家大型投行纷纷“折戟”。数据显示,上半年,华尔街顶级12家投行大宗商品交易收入仅为12亿美元,较2016年同期大幅下挫41%,仅为2011年同期的三分之一,是2006年以来12家投行在大宗商品领域的最低半年收入。

多位接受中国证券报记者采访的分析人士表示,大宗商品交易监管趋严、市场参与者减少以及商品波动率下降是今年上半年投行大宗商品业务“败北”的主因。但这并不意味着未来大宗商品交易将转向悲观,中国在世界上贸易需求仍具有较大增长潜力。这或许意味着,大宗商品的真正牛市正在酝酿之中。

国际投行“败走麦城”

上半年的大宗商品交易中,素有“交易之王”之称的高盛“翻船”。

据《华尔街日报》报道,今年春季,高盛因为押错了天然气价格变动方向而巨亏逾1亿美元。这也在很大程度上解开了高盛二季度业绩创十年最差的疑惑。高盛公布的财报显示,二季度固收业务(FICC)营收遭到重挫,同比大跌40%。

不仅是高盛,包括美银美林、巴克莱、花旗集团、德意志银行、摩根士丹利等在内的全球12家大型投行在大宗商品交易收入方面也出现“败北”,或许能给高盛带来些许“安慰”。

行业分析公司Coalition数据显示,今年上半年,华尔街顶级12家投行大宗商品交易收入仅为12亿美元,较2016年同期大幅下挫41%。该收入额仅为2011年同期的三分之一,是2006年以来12家投行在大宗商品领域的最低半年收入。

在混沌天成期货研究院院长叶燕武看来,上半年,华尔街多家投行大宗商品收入“败北”主要归咎于三方面:大宗商品交易监管趋严、市场参与者减少以及商品波动率下降。

具体来看,其一,2010-2011年,以多德弗兰克法案为代表的各项监管措施实施,金融机构须按照规定将场外交易的衍生品工具转入场内。与此同时,美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)也把商品及其他衍生品工具纳入监管范围,要求资产总值100亿美元以上的银行必须向交易所提供交易抵押品,这直接增加了银行的交易成本和资本金压力。2013-2014年,参议院对华尔街各投行发起调查,详细揭露高盛集团、摩根士丹利和摩根大通等“深度介入”实物大宗商品交易的内幕,指控投行操纵大宗市场。2016年9月,美联储向美国国会提议,撤销华尔街投行的实物大宗商品交易业务许可,称这些交易可能会给金融系统带来风险。其二,据RBC Capital Markets统计发现,今年上半年的大宗商品基金净流入95亿美元,比去年同期的净流入698亿美元大跌了86%。同时,伴随美元走强,之前许多买入大宗商品以避免通胀的投资者不再将大宗商品作为对冲工具。其三,商品波动率下降。2009年以后,全球大宗商品只有2014年部分商品出现波动率上升,其余时间波动率基本呈现负增长,价格波动幅度过小,令投资者和投机者的交易盈利都很困难。对于投资者来说,低波动率代表不需要锁定某个价位来进行风险对冲;对于CTA类型等期货衍生品交易策略来说,也无法从追踪市场趋势中获利。

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