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据美国消费品安全委员会(CPSC)最新消息,CPSC将于近日确定有关限制儿童用品中增塑剂使用的最终规则,并于2017年10月18日进行表决。此次即将表决的新规主要依据是CPSC在2014年发布的专项调查报告和根据报告制定的法规草案。如最终规则与提案一致,美国玩具及儿童护理产品中实施强制性永久禁令的增塑剂将由现有的3种增加到8种,严厉程度将大幅增加,出口企业需密切关注。
美国2008年发布的消费品安全改进法案(CPSIA)规定,由于对儿童生殖系统和内分泌系统的危害,DEHP、DBP和BBP三类邻苯增塑剂被实施永久禁令,DINP、DIDP和DNOP三类邻苯增塑剂被实施暂时禁令。2014年7月18日,CPSC的慢性危害顾问小组(CHAP)经过四年的调查研究,正式发布了玩具和儿童护理产品中邻苯二甲酸酯及其替代物的危害分析报告,内容涵盖儿童用品中涉及的各类增塑剂(包括CPSIA没有列明的)。根据CHAP报告,CPSC于2014年底发布了《含特定增塑剂的玩具及儿童用品禁令》的法规提案。提案规定将维持对DEHP、DBP、BBP的永久禁令,将DINP暂时禁令升级为永久禁令,取消对DIDP和DNOP的暂时禁令。同时,增加对DIBP、DPENP、DHEXP和DCHP四种邻苯增塑剂实施永久禁令。CPSC本应在提案发布的次年确定最终规则并正式发布,但该新规迟迟未能出台。此次表决预计将使上述法规提案正式生效。根据CPSIA规定,被纳入禁令就意味着该物质的含量不得超过0.1%,否则将被视为不合格。
玩具等儿童用品是我国的重要出口商品,仅宁波口岸今年1-7月出口额已超过54亿元,同比增长27%,其中美国市场占约三成。由于上述新规涉及的增塑剂众多,除了DEHP、DBP等比较常见外,企业对其他增塑剂相对陌生,风险需加以关注。特别需要注意的是,我国于2016年1月实施的强制性玩具标准GB6675-2014主要参照欧盟标准,限制对象包括DEHP等六类常见增塑剂,而美国将新增永久禁令的DIBP、DPENP等增塑剂,国标和欧盟标准尚未设定限制,相关提案通过后,将对我国玩具出口产业产生较大影响。
检验检疫专家提醒出口企业,高度重视欧美技术法规的动态。加强内容解读,并将技术壁垒应对工作纳入企业质量管控体系,提高风险防范能力。严格落实出口前的符合性测试。检测是确保产品质量的最后保障,出口儿童用品应严格按照相关标准和法规要求、进行增塑剂、重金属等高风险项目的符合性测试,并将报告作为随附文件提供给客户,降低被抽查概率。不断提升质量管理软实力。企业应以安全、环保为切入点,逐步建立完善的原辅料管理体系和产品设计审核机制,并加强生产环节的工艺管理,从源头防范质量风险,提高质量安全水平。(记者 杜金明)
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