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围观“绿色开采”:原来你是这样的煤矿

2017-09-11 18:02:22   新华网

新华社北京9月11日电 题:围观“绿色开采”:原来你是这样的煤矿

新华社记者陈灏、李俊义

在位于鲁西南的山东省巨野县龙堌镇,一个湿地公园成为近年兴起的旅游景点,数千只飞鸟在这里聚居,依水而兴的生态农业园入选国家农业标准化示范项目。春赏牡丹夏观荷,秋天采摘冬吃瓜果——这幅别致的“江南水乡图”,是山东能源集团新矿集团有限公司利用采煤塌陷地打造而成。

在绿色开采理念的推动下,我国煤矿企业逐步告别粉尘污染、地表塌陷等对环境的破坏,人与自然、资源与环境的和谐发展让煤矿不再是人人“绕着走”的“禁区”。

“井上餐巾纸,井下白手套”——位于微山湖畔的枣矿集团高庄煤矿,检验卫生的标准就是办公区和生产区的设施、设备分别用餐巾纸和白手套擦拭,不允许留下黑印子。

如此严格的卫生要求在煤矿能实现吗?记者在高庄煤矿看到,餐巾纸擦拭门窗、办公桌没有留下灰尘痕迹,矿区地面见不到煤灰,空气中也没有煤炭特有的硫黄味。

高庄煤矿矿长刘真伦介绍,采煤形成的粉尘既影响公共环境也影响职工健康。为解决粉尘污染,高庄矿在采煤工作面采取注水开采等措施,源头减少粉尘的产生;煤炭出井之后通过封闭式传送带直接送到洗煤厂,不经过露天运输。他说:“除了生产员工,一般人看不到煤,粉尘的问题得到了有效解决。”

除了煤炭本身,堆积如山的煤矸石也是扬尘污染重要的源头。随着充填开采技术的广泛应用,过去堆积成山的矸石重新回到了地下。

有着60多年历史的新矿集团先后形成矸石山22座,历史最高堆积量5000余万吨,占地92公顷。2004年开始,新矿集团率先在全国开展“矸石充填置换煤炭”技术研究,“消灭”历史形成的矸石山7座。新矿集团翟镇煤矿充填工区技术区长李泉水告诉记者,如今不仅有充填技术“吃”掉矸石山,还能直接在井下充填,矸石不再升井。

开滦集团唐山矿业公司总工程师宋焕虎告诉记者,2012年至今,唐山矿已充填煤矸石90多万吨,置换出煤炭71万吨。对处于闹市区的唐山矿来说,更具特殊意义的是,充填开采可以有效控制地表沉陷,保护地表建筑不受破坏。

在以矸石回填等手段减少塌陷地产生的同时,一些煤炭企业正在加大力度对塌陷地进行治理,过去“千疮百孔”的采煤塌陷区披上了“花衣裳”。

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