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央行将外汇风险准备金率由20%调至零

2017-09-11 07:13:40   中国经济网

每经记者 张寿林 每经编辑 毕陆名

《每日经济新闻》记者从多处核实,从9月11日起,央行将外汇风险准备金率调整为零。

调整前外汇风险准备金率为20%。民生银行首席研究员温彬分析,这项调整有助于银行降低远期售汇成本,企业也可以更好地利用衍生品管理汇率风险。

记者注意到,此轮20%的外汇风险准备金率开始实施于2015年9月。在“8·11汇改”后的初期,人民币汇率一度调整。收取外汇风险准备金有助于打击人民币做空。今年以来,随着各项指标好转,人民币贬值预期稳步下降。

此外,有机构人士分析指出,央行将20%外汇风险准备金率调整为零,有助于对冲人民币的持续升值趋势,缓解过度膨胀的人民币升值预期。

人民币由预期贬值转向升值

外汇风险准备金的收取有其特定背景。在2015年“8·11汇改”后的初期,人民币贬值预期骤升,同年8月银行代客远期售汇签约额约为1至7月平均水平的3倍。随着人民币汇率双向浮动弹性增强,后期可能出现比较集中的企业平仓亏损或者违约情况,增大银行的信用风险和经营风险。

外汇风险准备金针对金融机构开展远期售汇而设,相当于让银行等金融机构为应对未来可能出现的亏损而计提风险准备,通过价格传导抑制企业远期售汇的顺周期行为。

2016年7月6日,中国外汇交易中心发布《关于加强境外金融机构进入银行间外汇市场开展人民币购售业务宏观审慎管理有关事项的通知》,“自2016年8月15日起,进入银行间外汇市场的境外金融机构在境外与其客户开展远期卖汇业务产生的头寸在银行间外汇市场平盘后,按月对其上一月平盘额交纳外汇风险准备金,准备金率为20%,准备金利率为零。”

央行对金融机构外汇风险准备金按月考核,金融机构在每月15日前(遇节假日顺延)将外汇风险准备金划至中国人民银行上海总部开立的外汇风险准备金专用账户。外汇风险准备金冻结期为1年。

进入银行间外汇市场的境外金融机构外汇风险准备金计算公式为:当月外汇风险准备金交存额=与境外客户开展远期卖汇业务产生的头寸在银行间外汇市场上一月平盘额×外汇风险准备金率。

“这意味着,以后银行要进行1亿美元的远期售汇,在下个月就必须提交2000万美元的无息外汇风险准备金(类似于法定存款准备金)。如果银行采用拆借的方式融入美元来凑足这2000万美元,那么银行就要付出相应的融资成本,如果采用自有美元资金,那同样存在机会成本。”联讯证券首席宏观研究员李奇霖分析,借由银行提高企业的远期购汇成本,有助于打击人民币空头与跨境套利。

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