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新闻分析:物联网加速“无人经济”时代到来

2017-09-10 18:01:37   新华网

新华社南京9月10日电 题:物联网加速“无人经济”时代到来

新华社记者张辛欣、朱国亮

无需售货员,商品本身就能和消费者“对话”;无人监管,工厂可以实现精准智能生产……随着物联网创新应用进入活跃期,智能驾驶、无人支付等一系列新应用加速落地。在10日于无锡召开的2017世界物联网无锡峰会上,与会企业家、专家、学者认为,“无人经济”时代正在到来。

如果说互联网解决了人与人之间的信息沟通,物联网则是通过传感装置,将物理世界转换成数字世界,通过感知、计算、学习实现人与物、物与物的精准对接。

随着物联网技术应用,生产生活中的很多场景正在逐步脱离对人的依赖。

首先改变的是零售。不久前,无人超市在杭州、上海等地相继开启。无需收银员和导购,消费者可自行选购一键支付,店铺也可根据数据调整进货品种和摆放位置。服务人员少了,效率却没有因此而降低,商店也变得更加“善解人意”。

阿里巴巴集团董事局主席马云在会上说,物联网的核心是连接,关键在数据。无人超市就是将商品、消费者“数字化”,对“人”“货”“场”进行重构。在物联网技术渗透下,传统超市、百货都将进行“旧城改造”,更好与消费者互动,更加精准对接制造商,增加人气、提高效率、减少库存。

制造业也在酝酿着一场变革。目前,我国海量数据存储和处理、智能图像传感等技术达到国际先进水平。技术成熟带动应用落地,物联网加速渗透到制造业各个领域,推动“中国制造”逐步找到“人”之外的优势。

智能制造是其中之一。一方面,越来越多的无人工厂诞生,生产效率大幅提升,另一方面,物联网、大数据和云计算渗透到工业生产全流程,柔性生产和精准供给正在实现。

工信部副部长罗文在会上说,当前,制造业领域和信息技术领域的龙头企业纷纷围绕物联网开展技术创新和应用部署,加速构建新型产业生态,无人、高效、智能已成为制造业变革主要方向。

“未来的制造业一定是个性化,未来的算法专家也不是在互联网公司内部工作,而是在车间里面写代码。”马云说,某种程度上,未来也许没有严格意义的“Made In China”(中国制造),而是“Made In Internet”(互联网制造),制造业也将在加速拥抱新技术中实现跨界、融合发展。

除了零售与制造,传统观念中很多劳动力密集的行业,也在新技术的推动下逐步实现“无人化”。“无人”植保、“无人”餐饮、“无人”物流……物联网在多个领域推进规模化应用,打通产业各个环节“经络”,迸发出新的活力。此外,城市建设、社会管理也因新技术而变得智能。

变化刚刚开始。大会数据显示,预计2018年,全球物联网市场规模有望超过千亿美元。随着物联网加速向经济社会各领域应用拓展,智能制造、智能服务、智能社会将到来。

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