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新闻分析:委内瑞拉为何弃用美元

2017-09-09 15:46:38   新华网

新华社北京9月9日电 新闻分析:委内瑞拉为何弃用美元

新华社记者陈寅 冯俊扬

委内瑞拉总统马杜罗7日宣布,由于美国实施的金融封锁对委经济和民生造成严重影响,委内瑞拉将在国际支付中使用人民币、欧元、日元、俄罗斯卢布等组成的一揽子货币替代美元作为国际结算货币,以摆脱对美元的依赖。

马杜罗当天在委内瑞拉制宪大会发表讲话时强调,委内瑞拉是“美元支付体系的受害者”,美国政府对委内瑞拉进行的经济和金融封锁已经严重影响了本国经济和民生。

今年7月,委内瑞拉举行制宪大会选举,遭到美国政府强烈反对。8月下旬,美国总统特朗普签署行政令,禁止美国金融机构参与委内瑞拉政府和国有的委内瑞拉石油公司新的债务和股权交易,禁止美方机构参与委内瑞拉公共部门现已发行的部分债券交易等。

虽然美国政府称金融制裁针对委政府,将尽量减轻对委内瑞拉民众造成的影响,但实际上很难避免由此造成的负面外溢影响。

马杜罗举例说,委内瑞拉计划进口30万剂胰岛素,但是美国花旗银行拒绝接受委政府购买药品支付的转账资金,导致药品进口受阻。在美国的金融封锁下,委内瑞拉的外汇收支、食品和药品进口、甚至连运动员出国参赛预订机票和酒店都遇到了不同程度的困难。

为此,委内瑞拉政府决定在国际支付中使用一揽子货币代替美元。在官方外汇拍卖系统中,委政府将向企业引入这些外汇,用于进出口贸易结算。

马杜罗强调,美国对委内瑞拉发动了“经济战”,委内瑞拉必须进行反击。“我们必须引进新的国际支付体系,相信这一措施将为国际货币和金融体系开辟新的道路。”

近年来,委内瑞拉通胀率居高不下,本币玻利瓦尔急剧贬值。目前委内瑞拉金融市场存在几种不同汇率,政府对外汇进行严格管制,优先保证急需物资的进口。普通企业和进口商由于无法获得足够美元,不得不到“黑市”上换汇。在本币贬值预期影响下,一些企业和居民囤积美元,加剧了委内瑞拉的“美元荒”。

委内瑞拉经济学家佩德罗·桑切斯指出,委内瑞拉在国际金融市场上遭到美国的封锁和制裁,融资难度大幅增加,因此必须转向欧洲和其他新兴市场国家拓展融资渠道。委政府在外汇交易体系中引入这些国家的货币,有助于降低对美元的过度依赖。

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