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银都股份高增长难持续

2017-09-08 21:21:53   中国经济网

特约作者 林奇/文

银都股份(603277.SH)主要从事商用餐饮设备的研发、生产、销售和服务,产品包括商用餐饮制冷设备、自助餐设备和西厨三大类,2016年实现收入11.48亿元,净利润2.42亿元。

过去几年,公司业绩均保持较快增长,但是其背后的回款情况和经销商客户存在诸多蹊跷之处,而且2016年净利润含金量不高,存在压缩费用粉饰利润之嫌。

招股书显示,2014-2016年,公司收入同比增速分别为22.52%、30.55%、22.07%,净利润同比增速分别为41.6%、38.89%、44.06%。不过,公司业绩保持较快增速的背后却存在诸多蹊跷之处。一般而言,回款单位与销售客户均是一致的,而银都股份却存在大量回款单位与销售客户不一致的情况。

2014-2016年及2017年1-3月,公司销售回款总额分别为7.48亿元、9.74亿元、12.43亿元、2.49亿元,其中付款方为非交易客户的金额分别为1.07亿元、1.25亿元、8482万元、983万元。

对此,银都股份给出的解释是,境内经销商规模较小且不够规范,存在通过第三方代为支付货款的情形;境外客户主要系客户集团统一支付安排、所在国外汇管制等原因。但是,在众多A股上市公司中,几乎均不存在类似情形,为何偏偏银都股份会存在大量的“付款方为非交易客户”呢?这难免不让投资人对公司的收入真实性保持警惕。

截至2016年年末,公司国内经销商数量共有1120家,贡献销售收入合计4.21亿元。照此计算,银都股份国内单家经销商贡献收入额仅为38万元,由此表明公司的经销商实力确实不够强大。

银都股份招股书披露了前五大经销商客户,其中,滨州市惠尔旺冷冻设备有限公司、广州冉泰厨房设备有限公司、上海联森实业有限公司的注册资本分别只有100万元、100万元、30万元,资质实力一般,而成华区兴恒丰酒店用品经营部、广州市番禺区大石广荣厨房设备经营部、南关区永春商贸城创意酒店物料经销处都是个体经营户。

此外,银都股份2016年净利润含金量其实并不高,当年公司实现净利润2.42亿元,而公司当年的财务费用、营业外收入分别为-1295万元、3122万元,如果剔除掉这两部分的贡献,银都股份当年的净利润增速将会明显降低。

2015年、2016年,银都股份研发经费分别为4270万元、3771万元,2016年明显少于2015年,公司存在压缩费用粉饰利润的嫌疑。

进入2017年以后,公司业绩并没能延续过去几年的增长,而是发生业绩变脸。上半年,公司实现收入6.63亿元,同比增长18.93%;净利润1.16亿元,同比下降6.14%,不仅收入增速明显放缓,净利润甚至出现下滑。

对此,银都股份给出的解释是,原材料价格上涨。以主要原材料不锈钢为例,2014-2016年及2017年上半年,采购单价分别为8619元/吨、7600元/吨、7482元/吨和 9752元/吨。而在供给侧改革的大背景下,原材料价格估计还要飞一会儿,因此,公司高增长存在疑问。

而且,在原材料普遍涨价的背景下,拥有品牌和定价权的企业均通过涨价形式将成本压力顺利传导至下游,比如老板电器、贵州茅台、涪陵榨菜等,而银都股份在此轮原材料涨价潮中没能够转移成本压力,这也反映出公司并不具有定价权,护城河不够深。

此外,与公司收入端紧密相关的渠道数量也开始出现不好的变化。招股书显示,2015-2016年及2017年3月末,公司国内经销商数量分别为1142家、1120家、1060家。从中可以看出,在过去几年,公司国内经销商数量不仅没有增加,反而还出现下降,这背后的真实原因又是什么呢?

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