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奇文“中国最危险的银行”错在哪?

2017-09-07 15:51:52   新华网

最近,某外媒一篇评论文章称招商银行是“中国最危险的银行”。立论很惊悚,但认真读完,发现又是一篇标题党作文,有悖媒体的客观严谨的文风。

今年上半年,市场人士对银行业确实关注两点:不良贷款持续承压、强监管对银行同业业务、理财业务、自营投资、委外业务和资本计提都产生了不同程度的挑战。

但是,招商银行的中期业绩数据出炉,给出了和市场人士预期不太一样的信号:该行上半年净利润392.59亿元,同比劲增11.43%,不良贷款较上年末减少6.62亿元,不良率较上年末下降0.16个百分点。

这篇文章却指出,招商银行严重依赖理财产品, 发行的理财产品余额约有人民币2.1万亿元(合3,160亿美元),是中型银行中最多的,并且称招商银行大量使用了所谓的资产管理计划,上半年这类敞口增加近20%,达到人民币4,000亿元以上,这里很可能是许多不良贷款的藏身之处。

对于是否隐瞒不良资产,市场有一个公认的指标:不良贷款与逾期90天以上贷款的比值,招行今年上半年为1.25,去年同期1.07(这个比值如低于1意味着在某种程度上隐藏或延迟了不良的生成)。足见招行充分披露风险的底气。

招行的底气来自哪里?来自代际差异。

招行二次转型始于2009年,田惠宇2013年履新招行行长。他提出转型目标是轻型银行,定位是一体两翼。厘清转型目标和定位的招行,清醒地认识到,还必须回归本源找到转型支点,那个支点,毫无疑问还是零售业务。

从强监管的角度看,也理应如此。监管压力下,行业正在分化和快速演进,资产端的定价能力是当前阶段的核心竞争因素。资产端重定价期限更短的银行能更早受益于收益率的上行,零售业务是银行压缩资产端期限结构的关键。消费贷款、小微贷款的重定价期限大多数在1年以内,新投放贷款的利率能够快速提升,零售业务的终端客群对利率的敏感性小,银行的定价空间更大,更容易提高利率水平。

2017年上半年,招行贷款、存款增速分别为16.96%、12.18%,均高于资产负债增速(资产增速为12.02%,负债增速为12.07%),反映资产负债结构脱虚入实的趋势显著,同业资产、同业负债均被大幅压降。稳健的资产负债结构使得招行净利息收益率受金融去杠杆影响较小,保持了资金成本较低的核心优势,其中活期存款占比63.59%,继续维持在较高水平。净利差连续两个季度环比上升,第二季度净利差为2.31%,环比上升1个基点。

该文又称,招商银行上个月表示将通过发行债券和非公开发行优先股筹资最多53亿美元,或是在为可能出现的资金紧张做准备。文章指出,招商银行目前1.3倍的市账率过高,在中国银行业面临艰难时期的情况下,是最令人担心的银行。

但事实是,招商银行资本内生能力不断增强 轻型银行已见到实效。截至6月底,招行高级法下资本充足率、核心一级资本充足率分别为14.59%、12.42%,比上年末分别增加1.26个百分点和0.88个百分点。高级法下风险加权资产3.27万亿元,较上年末下降3.05%,资本节约效果明显。

近期,英国《银行家》杂志(The Banker)发布2017年全球银行1000强排名,招商银行排名持续攀升,较去年提高4个位次,以559.4亿美元的一级资本(Tier 1 Capital)规模位列全球第23位。从分项排名看,招商银行以113.62亿美元税前利润排名全球第13位;资本回报率(Return on Capital)排名全球50强榜单第7位,列中资银行第一名。一级资本是衡量商业银行业务发展能力和风险承受能力的重要指标,彰显其资本内生能力。

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