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校园小额信用贷款如何做好做实

2017-09-07 14:46:44   新华网

对于校园贷款,如果不分析根源性问题,采取措施加以解决,只是简单地一刀切处理,并不能有效解决问题。从网络校园贷的兴起、疯狂蔓延中,监管部门要认真汲取教训,依法严格履行监管职责,不能等到出现严重问题才进行整治。

教育部财务司副司长赵建军昨天在教育部新闻发布会上表示,根据规范校园贷管理文件,任何网络贷款机构都不允许向在校大学生发放贷款。为满足学生金融消费的需要,鼓励正规的商业银行开办针对大学生的小额信用贷款。

今年早些时候,针对“裸条”、高利贷等校园贷问题,多家国有商业银行重新面向大学生开办小额信用贷款业务。中国银行推出“中银E贷·校园贷”,可为高校学生量身打造小额信用循环贷款,贷款期限初期最长可达12个月,未来延长至3至6年,覆盖了毕业后入职阶段,贷款金额最高8000元。

由国有银行针对大学生开办小额信用贷款业务,是满足大学生日常贷款需求,同时有效控制风险的有效措施。这也是我国之前帮助大学生贷款的办法。但是,该办法曾因出现问题而被叫停——2009年7月,银监会下发了《关于进一步规范信用卡业务的通知》,根据这个《通知》,各大银行均陆续停止了大学生信用卡的审批,随后才有网络校园贷的野蛮生长。现在可以说来了一个轮回。

换句话说,如果我国国有银行继续坚持规范地给大学生开办小额贷款业务,可能就不会出现后来的疯狂校园贷问题。从银行小额贷款业务被叫停、网络校园贷疯狂到网络校园贷被叫停、恢复银行小额贷款业务,分析这个轮回背后的原因,是搞好重启的银行小额信贷业务必须补上的一课。

银行和网络贷款机构虽然主体不同,但几年前银行针对大学生的小额信贷和网络校园贷的成因却大体相似,只不过最终的风险有所不同,产生的社会危害也不同。银行小额贷款产生问题的成因是,逐利的银行纷纷开设面向大学生的小额信贷业务,虽然每张大学生信用卡有规定的信用(透支)额度,但一名学生可在多个银行办银行卡,多张信用卡累计起来就远远超过额度。大学生用信用卡透支过度消费,还款难,家庭不堪重负,银行承担很大的发卡风险。网络校园贷的成因是,网络贷款机构以方便贷款为诱饵,吸引大学生贷款,然后以涉嫌违法犯罪的黑恶方式追贷款,导致大学生借少量的贷款,就因“利滚利”债台高筑,个人的生活陷入困境,面临极大的生存风险。

几年前银行针对大学生的小额贷款业务和现在的校园网络贷都酿成了巨大的风险,两者的共同成因概括起来有二:一是监管部门没有明确的监管措施或监管不力,对于银行开办针对学生的小额信贷业务,监管部门完全可以规定,在校大学生的办卡信息共享,一名学生只能办理一张银行信用卡。当初对于网络校园贷款,监管部门本应该明确贷款平台要规范办理贷款手续,对于所有带有黑恶性质的贷款机构,本应该及时铲除,而不是简单地将其作为民间借贷行为对待。二是大学生缺乏金融风险意识、自控能力,可大学里没有理财教育,像网络贷款机构,甚至发动学生当贷款业务推销员,有的学生就把拉同学贷款作为创业项目,这表明大学没有对学生识别金融风险,参与金融活动的教育。

现在,藏污纳垢的网络校园贷被叫停,国有银行小额信用贷款业务重启之后,必须解决这两大问题。一方面,监管部门应该限制大学生办卡数,针对大学生(有在读证明、没有经济收入来源者)办卡,可要求贷款银行共享贷款信息,不能一名学生办多张信用卡。这个问题如果不解决,不久的将来,可能又会出现新的“卡奴”问题。如果不分析根源性问题,采取措施加以解决,只是简单地一刀切处理,并不能有效解决问题,反而可能引发更严重的问题。从网络校园贷的兴起、疯狂蔓延中,监管部门要认真汲取教训,依法严格履行监管职责,不能等到出现严重问题才进行整治。

另一方面,应该针对银行小额贷款和网络校园贷暴露出的学生金融风险意识差的问题,在大学里开展有效实用的理性消费教育和理财教育,这是对学生进行生活教育的重要内容之一。特约评论员

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