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兰州银行跨行扫码取款暂停背后:收单变取现不合规

2017-09-07 14:07:04   中国经济网

9月4日,兰州银行在其官方微信公众号宣布,该行将在全国范围内首推微信、支付宝ATM扫码取款。仅支持钱包余额和借记卡,不支持信用卡、理财通和余额宝,每笔取现将收取0.3%的手续费。

此举迅速引起业内外关注。多位用户在该条公众号文章下留言对该项业务表示肯定,认为无需绑定银行卡直接通过ATM取现将更加便利。

不过,9月5日,21世纪经济报道记者获悉,兰州银行微信支付宝ATM扫描取现这一业务在当日收到紧急通知,已经暂停。究其原因,第三方支付机构不得经营或者变相经营现金存取等业务。也就是说,支付账户不能用于取现。

但其背后,一方面是银行支付面临第三方支付的全方面挤压,另一方面是在“无现金”口号下,现金交易萎缩下的取现创新是否仍为“伪需求”。

“收单”行为变身“取现”

9月4日,兰州银行宣布推出微信、支付宝ATM扫码取款。该业务操作流程为:客户无需拥有兰州银行的银行卡,只需要微信或支付宝扫描ATM机上的二维码,输入金额和支付密码就可以实现取现。

21世纪经济报道记者从相关人士处获悉,这一业务由兰州银行主导,而非微信、支付宝等第三方支付机构,也非双方协议合作内容。业务原本的逻辑是:银行在ATM上放置商户收款用的二维码,用户扫描二维码后完成付款,由ATM机将现金推送给客户。

这本质上是商业银行利用第三方支付机构渠道“收单”,而非银行转账这一业务渠道。将第三方账户中的备付金,提取为客户的现金,完成现金存取服务。

目前,对第三方支付而言,用户须先将现金转入绑定的银行卡,再持银行卡从ATM机上取现。其中,微信、支付宝对超额后部分按照0.1%收取服务费,最低0.1元/笔。

若绕开上述渠道,以银行“收单”方式,将资金从第三方支付账户中的备付金取出。“这不是第三方支付账户的直接取现,而是相当于借助了第三方支付公司通道,实现了异行卡的无卡取现。第三方支付是业务手段而不是业务主体。”一位第三方支付机构人士认为,“风险在于,很多银行目前并不支持无卡取现,但该业务却可以实现这些银行的无卡取现。”

根据央行相关管理办法,第三方支付账户不得“取现”。

央行《非银行支付机构网络支付业务管理办法》第九条规定:支付机构不得经营或者变相经营货币兑换、现金存取等业务。

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