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补贴退坡:新能源车企销量下滑 上游行业面临洗牌

2017-09-07 12:31:45   央广网

央广网9月7日消息(记者王梦妍)在日前发布的《新能源汽车蓝皮书:中国新能源汽车产业发展报告(2017)》中显示,2016年,受益于相关政策的不断落实和新能源产品技术性能的不断成熟,我国新能源汽车产业竞争力指数进一步提升至92.5,综合排名居世界第四位。

随着2017-2018年国家新能源汽车补贴政策的退坡,新能源车企的销量一度下滑,并一定程度波及了上游锂电行业。业内人士分析,国家对新能源所车减少补贴,主要目的是减少车企在生产和推广新能源汽车时对国家补贴政策的“依赖”,实质上是一种倒逼机制,有利于新能源汽车市场化。

上半年插电混动汽车销量下降12.8%

根据中国汽车工业协会披露的数据,今年1至7月,新能源汽车销量同比增长21.5%至251万辆,其中增速主要贡献为纯电动汽车,销量同比增长33.6%,插电式混合动力汽车销量同比下降12.8%。从车型看,插电式混合动力汽车比亚迪唐销量同比大幅下降六成。

比亚迪的新能源汽车业务在过去几年间随着政府补贴的红利高速增长,公司在2014年至2016年的中期业绩中均曾披露,当期新能源汽车的销量同比增长分别为12.18倍,1.2倍与1.61倍。今年上半年比亚迪共销售3.46万辆新能源汽车,较去年的4.9万辆同比下滑29.38%。

比亚迪董事长王传福在其中期业绩发布会上表示,今年初新能源车补贴退坡力度较大,对公司新能源车业务产生较大影响,上半年新能源汽车整体销量近4万辆。这意味着今年的销量相比去年同期4.9万辆下滑18.4%。

江淮汽车在日前发布的中报里表示,2017 年新能源汽车补贴退坡造成了公司盈利能力的下降,也使得销量一度放缓。

业界普遍认为,近期政府补贴的缩水,是想用市场这双“无形的手”来调控国内新能源车企市场。中国汽车工业协会秘书长助理徐海东认为,“政策看似越来越严格,其实是在鼓励创新、鼓励技术进步,而非一味让企业吃补贴。”

  上游锂电行业加速洗牌

今年,宝马等众多传统汽车企业全力进军新能源市场,而各国政府也制定了相应的产业引导政策。新能源汽车上游锂电行业备受资本市场关注。

国轩高科作为安凯汽车的锂电池供应商,其今年一季报显示,应收账款从去年的24.1亿元到今年3月31日增长到33.4亿元,增长了38.58%。国轩高科解释称,主要系受新能源汽车政策补贴影响,整车厂商付款延迟。

上海劲邦股权投资管理有限公司合伙人王荣进表示,锂电行业下游新能源汽车市场目前主要建立在政府补贴基础上。有些公司进入新能源汽车领域就是为了捞一把补贴。目前锂电池行业现状不等于未来的常态,今后几年的补贴退坡会给一些没有资金、技术实力的公司带来很大压力,有相当部分会退出市场。

激烈的市场竞争下,能有多少企业盈利甚至存活成为很大的问题。真锂研究数据显示,从目前出货量看,锂电池行业前8位公司占据市场份额80%~85%,后面60多家占15%不到。今年形成供应的只有70多家锂电池企业,去年则有100多家。真锂研究首席分析师墨柯称,锂电行业或许已经开始洗牌。

不过当下的新能源汽车企业多采用正向开发,同时在销售及服务模式上采取了创新,政策补贴的影响也进一步减弱。调研机构EV Sales近日发布的数据显示,2017年上半年全球电动车销量前20车型中,中国企业占据了半壁江山,共有9款中国品牌车型入围。

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