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500亿定增基金“有救了”!新估值指引刚刚出炉

2017-09-07 06:47:01   中国经济网

见习记者 陆慧婧

时间进入首只定增基金转为开放式基金的最后一周,基金行业内颇为关注的流通受限股估值新规也适合发布。

今日,中基协发布《证券投资基金投资流通受限股票估值指引(试行)》(以下简称《指引》),《指引》给出了流通受限股票确定估值日价值的具体计算公式,并规定基金管理人和托管人必须在今年12月31日前完成相关实施工作。基金管理人应当根据法律法规及合同约定,与基金托管人协商一致后确定估值标准切换时点,并履行信息披露等义务。

根据新的计算公式,估值日该流通受限股票的价值为估值日在证券交易所上市交易的同一股票的公允价值减去相应的流动性折扣。

流动性折扣计算上则引入了看跌期权,看跌期权的价值在估值日按平均价格亚式期权模型(“AAP模型”)确定。AAP模型公式综合考虑了剩余限售期,在剩余限售期内的股价的预期年化波动率,预期年化股利收益率等因素。

文件出台,多数基金公司人士表示暂时对指引中的流动性折扣计算公司仍未完全理解,也有基金公司人士透露流通受限股涉及到的流动性折扣会由中证指数公司计算,此后将具体的数值发给各基金公司,基金公司采用即可,不需要基金公司自己单独对流通受限股单独进行估值。

北京一中型公募的量化投资经理表示,以前持有限售的股票有时直接用市场价格,实际是高估了。新《指引》考虑了更多影响估值价格的因素,算法方面做了无风险套利组合,买入一张到期日的平价看跌期权,这个期权花费的价格是流动性受限对应的量化的成本。因而估值更加合理,防止赎回套利,从而保障持有人的利益。

上海一位基金公司金融工程研究员则从金融工程的角度解释了看跌期权估值模型。“以前流通受限股的估值方法主要考虑解禁期长短,采用线性估值,估值随着解禁日临近逐渐接近个股市值,采用新的方法之后,估值和市价之间则是非线性关系。”

他进一步分析指出,不同于上证50ETF期权采用的欧式期权(行权价格已知),亚式期权的行权价格是未来一段时间的均价,在亚式期权中,过往一段时间内股价波动率越高,受限股估值折扣越大,例如同样是100元买的银行类定增股和创业板定增股,银行股由于波动低或许估值是90元,而创业板股的估值会低于90元。此外,亚式期权也会考虑到股票预期年化股利收益率,年化股利收益率越高,估值折扣越低,但考虑到A股市场普遍股利收益率偏低,按照新的估值模型,实际上影响最大的还是剩余年限和预期年化波动率两个因素。

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