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火电煤炭业绩此消彼长 零和博弈仍需改革助力

2017-09-05 08:27:24   新华网

2017年上半年,我国经济增速为6.9%,继续了企稳向好的态势。宏观经济走势向好带动了煤炭需求的上升,煤炭价格继续了去年年中以来的高位运行趋势。在这样的市场情况下,煤炭行业上市公司效益显著改善,业绩明显回升。

根据证监会上市公司行业分类标准,本文将煤炭和焦炭的采掘、生产及销售收入占主营业务收入比重超过50%或为最大业务比例的上市公司划为煤炭行业,A股与B股市场共有37家煤炭行业上市公司。

这37家上市公司上半年营业总收入4481.4亿元,同比增长高达76.3%;归属母公司股东净利润485.6亿元,较去年同期增长347.6%;经营活动产生的现金流量净额840.7亿元,同比增长73.1%。这些数据充分显示,煤炭行业上市公司上半年效益大幅回升。

2017年半年报显示,37家煤炭上市公司平均销售毛利率27.9%,较去年同期上升12个百分点。销售毛利率超过30%的上市公司为19家,去年同期仅7家。毛利率最高的是大同煤业,为59.7%,其次为陕西煤业,为54.5%。37家上市公司总资产报酬率为3.65%,较去年同期上升3.4个百分点,净利润率为10.5%,较去年同期大幅上升17个百分点。说明煤炭上市公司盈利能力大幅回升,经营状况良好,彻底摆脱了前几年的困难局面。

2017年上半年,37家煤炭上市公司中仅有2家亏损,分别是安源煤业和云煤能源,而去年同期亏损企业高达14家,占煤炭上市公司比重达38%。净利润最高的5家公司分别是中国神华、陕西煤业、兖州煤业、伊泰B股和中煤能源,其中中国神华一家占整个煤炭上市公司净利润的比重下降到50%,而前两年均占三分之二左右。

前几年,由于煤炭市场不好,煤炭上市公司经营困难,债务高企,融资成本不断提高,偿债能力一直为市场所担忧,甚至一些金融机构唯恐避之不及。从今年半年报的数据来看,37家上市公司资产负债率下降到51.5%,较去年同期下降8.2个百分点;长期债务占比为24%,较去年同期下降3.7%。总的来看,煤炭企业债务负担尽管仍然不小,但上市公司的偿债能力已经增强,这对于煤炭企业增加融资渠道,降低融资成本都是有利的。

上半年煤炭上市公司效益改善的主要原因,还是宏观经济基本面的改善。经济稳中向好带动了工业生产的增加,也就带动了煤炭价格的高位稳定。上半年,全国规模以上工业增加值同比实际增长6.9%,增速比一季度加快0.1个百分点,比上年同期加快0.9个百分点。工业生产的稳定,企业效益的改善,又带动了工业投资的增加,上半年制造业的投资增长了5.5%。同时,全国房地产开发投资5.06万亿元,同比增长8.5%,其中住宅投资增长10.2%。工业生产的稳定增长和房地产投资的持续增加,拉动了煤炭下游的需求。作为煤炭的最大用户,我国电力和钢铁行业煤炭需求不断增长,这为煤炭需求的稳定增长提供了坚实基础。

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