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严查严罚内幕交易 尚需完善相关法律条款

2017-09-05 07:06:41   中国经济网

■安 宁

证监会打击证券市场内幕交易再出重拳。近日,证监会启动调查2017年专项执法行动第三批共18起案件,其中15起案件已经完成现场调查,陆续进入行政处罚审理程序。笔者认为,防范内幕交易,不仅要从完善制度建设、加强监管等方面入手,还要充分利用各种社会资源来共同打击内幕交易,对内幕交易违法行为形成有效威慑。

内幕交易破坏了证券交易公开、公平、公正的原则,扰乱了证券交易秩序,具有严重的社会危害性。

近年来,全球主要经济体都加重了对内幕交易处罚的力度(包括刑罚)。美国对内幕交易的处罚力度最大,金额最高,量刑最严酷。根据美国《证券安全法》,内幕交易可构成证券欺诈罪,可达20年监禁,最高500万美元的罚款。除严厉的监禁,罚金方面,自然人10万美元至100万美元,法人可达到250万美元。但实际上,很多判罚的力度都远远超过这一水平。对冲基金SAC的CEO就因内幕交易被判罚930万美元以及9年监禁。帆船集团案中的集团创始人更被处以6380万美元的罚款以及11年的监禁。

我国关于遏制内幕交易的法律规范主要有以下几部:一是《证券法》(2005年修订),该法七十三至七十六条对禁止内幕交易作了原则性的规定;二是《刑法》(经《刑法修正案(七)》修订),该法第一百八十条对内幕交易的定罪量刑做出了规定;三是《关于经济犯罪案件追诉标准的补充规定》,该规定从细节上明确了须对内幕交易进行刑事追究的标准,这一批法律法规,已初步构成了我国对内幕交易进行制约和打击的法律体系。

笔者认为,关于内幕交易的法律体系虽然已比较完善,但处罚的力度并不大。《证券法》对于内幕交易等违法行为的处罚大概是一倍至五倍;《刑法》对内幕交易的规定是:情节严重,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金;情节特别严重处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金。这对于那些“资本大鳄”来说只不过是“九牛一毛”,对违法者没有特别大的震慑作用。因此,还要不断加大对内幕交易违法行为的处罚力度,提高内幕交易违法成本,让内幕交易者不敢伸手。

与此同时,防范内幕交易还要完善制度建设,加强信息管理制度和信息披露制度的建设,规范公司信息管理流程,避免知情人士利用时间差进行内幕交易;建立健全公司法人治理结构,明确高管人员的权责,强化高管人员在内幕交易防范方面的责任;规范董事会、监事会、股东大会的运作,确保“三会”运作的制度化、程序化等,充分利用各种社会资源预防和共同打击内幕交易,让内幕交易无处遁形。

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