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“发财洞”缘何倒贴数千万——一家化工企业的“环保账单”

2017-09-04 08:21:07   新华网

贵州多山,喀斯特地貌广泛发育。福泉市地处黔中腹地,号称“亚洲磷都”,是我国五大磷矿生产基地之一。

马场坪就是一个因资源开采加工而兴旺的乡镇,繁华时有20多个磷化工企业汇聚,“领头羊”是一家名为瓮福的集团。

“厂区就在一街之隔,过去发展太粗放,一片乌烟瘴气,老百姓怨声载道。”瓮福集团安全环保部经理何廷云在这里工作十多年了,清晰地记得那时机器响、烟囱冒的图景。

“不是企业消灭污染,就是污染消灭企业!”时任公司领导放出狠话。而在治理过程中,数磷石膏问题最让人头疼。

磷石膏是在磷酸生产时产生的废渣,量大却利用率低,其所含氟化物、游离磷酸等杂质可随雨水溶蚀土层和岩层,极容易造成地下水污染。

2002年,一股肥皂水般的白色污水在山谷中一处名为“发财洞”的地方涌出,并汇入重安江,造成劣V类水质,但谁也说不清楚是哪家企业排放造成的。

“我是国企,我先干!”距离泉眼几公里外的瓮福人决心坚定,但复杂地质条件造成的治理难度给大家泼了一盆冷水。

“就地堵上,可能要从别的地方冒,那就找到渗漏点,阻断抽空,让发财洞断流……”为此,打了总长3000米的岩溶通道,最深处达300米,在渣场附近也挖了240米的隧道找寻。

不过,转眼十年过去,虽然系列治理取得一定效果,但总体仍不理想。瓮福只好把目光转向了就地收集,全部回收洞中污水处理,这看似是个无底洞。

2014年1月,第一期污水处理设施建成投用,后面又追加两期,总投资6700万。“加上运行费应该有1.2亿。”站在工程的高塔上眺望,目睹工程设计、监督管理全过程的工程师覃礼云说。

他脚下的污水处理系统正在全速运转,每天,高浓度含磷水被抽出后,经过中和、沉降等工序进行处理,直至达标。

“总磷浓度0.213mg/L、氟化物1.81mg/L,PH值7.98……”走进控制室,覃礼云指着在线监测仪器屏幕说,各项指标均远远低于国家标准。

“磷石膏渗漏就像压豆腐,以后随着雨水冲刷,中间含量可能会不断衰减。”覃礼云相信,再坚持一些年头,保持一湾碧水不是难事。

更关键的是,除了末端治理,从源头开始的管控一直在稳步推进。走进磷石膏渣场,灰白色的磷石膏渣堆积如山,一眼望不到头。地上覆盖的一层黑色薄膜,仍清晰可见。

“这就是防渗膜,在国外用了几十年,在中国磷复肥行业却是瓮福首次尝试,实践证明是可行的。”渣场运行部负责人傅昌全说,目前比照瓮福磷石膏堆存经验编制的《磷石膏库安全技术规程》已上升为国家标准。

同时,瓮福还坚持不断改进工艺,在废弃资源中找资源。如利用酸性废水进行选矿,“闭合循环”每年可节约成本4000万元;把合成氨生产过程中的硫化氢进行回收,每年可以生产3万吨硫黄。

“环保投入不吃亏,这是一笔长远账。”何廷云表示,一批回收利用项目把资源“吃干榨尽”后,以石膏板为代表的系列循环经济产品有望成为企业新的利润增长点。(记者 向定杰 肖艳)

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