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新闻分析:马克龙劳动法改革“闯关”手法可圈可点

2017-09-02 16:55:52   新华网

新华社巴黎9月1日电 新闻分析:马克龙劳动法改革“闯关”手法可圈可点

新华社记者韩冰 应强

法国政府日前公布法国劳动法改革法令。这是法国总统马克龙就任后主导的第一次改革“闯关”,不仅关系法国经济面貌的重塑,更对法国政坛有深远影响。从初步社会反响看,改革成功的希望远高于以往,马克龙改革“闯关”手法可圈可点。

在法国,劳动法改革牵动劳资双方切身利益,一向极度敏感。2016年,法国前总统奥朗德执政时曾发起劳动法改革,但由于操之过急、沟通不足以及政治投机意图明显,引发数十万民众多次走上街头示威游行,成为法国左派政党执政历史上最大的一次社会危机。

而此次改革法令公布后,虽引发一些争议,但反对声远不如此前激烈。最主要的反对势力——各主要工会组织的态度出现分化,比如,法国工人力量总工会明确表示,将不参加法国总工会组织的针对劳动法改革的罢工。

支持改革的雇主组织普遍认为,这一改革版本“符合法国的现实需求”,“传递了强烈的希望讯息”,《费加罗报》《回声报》等主流媒体更是力挺新法令,认为它体现了马克龙“坚定不移改革”的决心。

从争取更多社会共识、推动改革逐步前进的角度看,马克龙主导的劳动法改革无疑已迈出积极一步,有望避免重蹈前任覆辙。

马克龙今年5月上台后,并未被初次参选总统便获胜的喜悦冲昏头脑,而是吸取前任总统奥朗德启动改革过慢的前车之鉴,迅速布局劳动法改革。在他主导下,法国总理府、法国劳工部多次和各工会、雇主组织就这一改革磋商会谈,甚至在夏季休假季期间依然保持协调。

法国总理府提供的资料显示,为推动劳动法改革,成立仅三个多月的法国新政府和各相关组织的会谈达到100多次。如此充分的前期工作,对于凝聚劳资双方共识、减少改革震荡冲击功不可没。

此次劳动法改革的主旨是放活法国劳动市场,为中小企业用工提供便利。如此改革势必触动劳动者利益,对工会组织来说很难接受。然而,马克龙及法国政府其他官员多次从就业角度反复强调,放活劳动市场才能提高企业竞争力、推动法国经济走出低增长,才能使失业率居高不下的顽疾迎刃而解。

针对人们对于因劳动法改革而产生的“不安全感”,法国政府耐心解释。法国总理爱德华·菲利普8月31日公布法令时还一再强调:“最好的保险,就是提高自身能力。”

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