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郑新立:城镇化方向将从大城市转向特色小镇

2017-08-31 11:16:12   央广网

在近日举行的2017首届中新·国际特色小镇发展论坛上,中央政策研究室原副主任、中国城镇化促进会常务副主席郑新立表示,城镇化的方向要由重点发展大城市向重点发展特色小镇转变。

郑新立表示,过去30多年城镇化取得了很大的成就,但也出现了一些弊端和问题。例如,人口大量涌入大城市,导致大城市病;城市布局不合理,过度集中在沿海地区,中西部地区发展落后;农村劳动力进入城市后因为户籍制度无法享受到均等的公共服务。他认为,未来在城镇化道路上将会出现一系列创新和转变。

第一,城镇化的方向要由重点发展大城市向重点发展特色小镇转变。通过在小镇上来发展专业化协作,降低成本,能够形成更高的竞争力,这将改变中国城镇化的走向。通过发展一批特色小镇,创造新的就业机会,吸引城市人口和农村转移人口向小城镇聚集,从而改变中国城市化的走向。

第二,城市的功能由过去工作区域和居住区域相互分离改变为向产城融合的方向发展。过去那种“摊大饼”式的城市化发展方式使得就业地和居住地互相分离,形成大规模的潮汐式人流,给交通造成很大压力,所以下一步小城镇的发展,必须是产城融合的,不是盖一片房子,让大家到那里去买,而是必须要有产业,要有就业的机会。

第三,城市的功能和主导产业的选择上,由多业并举的综合性城市向专业化的特色产业发展。未来的特色小镇需要高度的专业化,围绕一个产品形成一个小镇,然后围绕这种产品来搞专业化协作,最终形成无与伦比的竞争力。

第四,投资运营主体由政府主导转变为企业运营。通过PPP模式,政府和社会资本合作,不但大大提高效率,而且调动了企业的积极性。

第五,土地的供应由政府征地以后“招拍挂”向转让土地用益物权或者土地入股的方式来转变。农村的经营性建设用地可以跟国有土地同权同价,特别是农村的宅基地的整理所节约的土地,他的建设用地指标可以拿到一定范围内去进行交易,满足城市新增建设用地的需要。

第六,融资方式由间接融资为主向直接融资为主转变。搞特色小镇切忌不要把债务比例搞得太高,尽可能股权融资,由企业来投资,把债权融资保持在一个适当的比例,这样小城镇未来的运营就可以避免过重的债务负担。(金辉)

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