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医用耗材价格虚高如何破? ——浙江宁波医药耗材采购改革调查

2017-08-30 15:36:25   新华网

新华社宁波8月30日电 题:医用耗材价格虚高如何破?——浙江宁波医药耗材采购改革调查

新华社记者裘立华

浙江宁波市民郑国伟4年间先后做了右腿、左腿膝关节置换手术,同一家医院,同一个医生,同样的材料,两次手术居然相差2万多元。查了一下账单,郑老伯发现,主要是膝关节“材料费”便宜了近1.3万元。

医用耗材费用虚高一直是百姓“看病贵”的重要原因,也是医改过程中难啃的“硬骨头”。从2012年开始,浙江宁波率先实行医药耗材采购改革,实现了医药耗材价格大幅度下降,被医疗界称之为“宁波规则”。

所谓“材料费”,指的是医用耗材的费用,这曾是百姓就医开支的“大头”。宁波市卫计委的一项统计数据显示:宁波市级三家综合性医院在2010年至2012年间,医疗费用以年平均20%的速度在递增,其中耗材费用增幅更高达31.1%,占全部住院病人总支出的22%至30%,占手术病人总费用的40%至60%。2012年这三家医院的医用耗材年采购量达到6.627亿元。

长期负责医疗纪检工作的宁波市卫计委巡视员胡建华说,医用耗材价格虚高,增加了患者负担,增加了医保压力,更滋生了腐败,影响了医院和医生形象。

“一些企业公关只要把科室主任拿下,基本上就能保证暴利,这已经成为了显规则而不是潜规则。”一些医生说。

为解决这一顽疾,宁波从2012年开始向耗材虚高开刀,就是医用耗材集中采购,以整个宁波市场为“筹码”,与耗材商竞价谈判,通过完备的制度设计确保优质低价者成交。

对医用耗材采购方式“动刀”,第一大难关就是“人情关”。宁波市卫计委一方面公开承诺不接受“说情”,一方面在制度上设置“门槛”。

第一道关卡是计算机“筛选”:由计算机对供应商资质要素进行评分,按得分从高到低确定入围名单。这种做法有效避免了供应商入围环节的人为因素干扰。“有行贿等犯罪记录的,一票否决。”胡建华说。

如何把住质量关?宁波市设置了第二道关卡:品牌由专家“遴选”。由监督部门在遴选当日从各大医院随机抽选25名专家,每个专家独立对资质入围的耗材品牌进行投票,按得票多少选出价格谈判的入围品牌。

“这种做法既符合临床需要,又避免少数医生说了算。”宁波市李惠利医院原党委书记萧金山说。

通过前两个质量关后,最后就是价格关:集中竞价,谁低谁中标。胡建华说,招标现场“多轮报价、逐轮淘汰、现场公布”,全程公开,搞不了猫腻。

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