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海外投资指引出炉 并购专家支招中企出海“避雷术”

2017-08-27 07:50:48   中国经济网

前两年风风火火的中企海外并购站在了舆论的风口浪尖上。

近期,发改委等四部委发布了《关于进一步引导和规范境外投资方向的指导意见》,采用“鼓励发展+负面清单”模式,进一步引导和规范企业境外投资方向。

其实在去年底监管层对对外投资的资金监管有所收紧的情况下,今年中企海外并购有所降温。

全球数据提供商Dealogic发布的统计数据显示,2017年一季度,已公告的中国对外并购交易总值为309亿美元,较去年同期(862亿美元)下降64%;交易数量同比下降13%。不过,这一数据在二季度有所回弹。值得注意的是,虽然2016年中国对外并购总额创历史新高,达2266亿美元,但是,去年中国海外交易被取消的金额超过750亿美元,是2015年的7.5倍。

在新的国内外形势下,中企海外并购面临怎么的挑战、如何避免海外并购项目“流产”、以及资金如何出海,霍金路伟国际律师事务所驻北京代表处主管并购的合伙人徐亮在接受经济观察报专访时一一解答。徐亮曾经在中国中车、宝钢集团、中国信达、广汽集团、江苏金昇等多个中国企业海外并购投资项目中担任法律顾问。

经济观察报:2016年中国内地对外投资1700亿美元,是仅次于美国的全球第二大对外投资国。您认为,中企海外投资现在处于什么阶段?有什么新的变化?

徐亮:我在十几年前加入霍金路伟国际律师事务所的时候,基本上很少有走出去的项目。第一波中企海外并购差不多从本世纪初到金融危机之间,以国企为主,收购标的主要是能源、矿业等资源型企业,在大宗商品持续上涨的行情之下,并购目的主要是为了获得更强的议价能力,在资源上做一个长期的储备。不幸的是,2009年发生金融危机之后,由于大宗商品价格暴跌等原因,也有部分企业遭受了一定的损失,其中包括因为缺乏国际市场经验,以及对海外协议中风险条款的把控。

第二阶段在金融危机期间,全球跨境交易尤其是中国企业走出去的活跃程度下降,也许有人在那个时候想出去抄底,但是真正出手的大规模项目并不多。

金融危机之后,大概从2012年到现在,与第一阶段相比海外并购的参与者、行业和规模都发生了很大的变化。民营企业开始成为市场的积极参与者、某些领域甚至是主要参与者,资源型并购的企业和项目相对减少,而而其他行业如房地产、消费类(包括食品)、高端制造、高科技(包括互联网)等的并购越来越多。项目的规模也越来越大,今年刚刚交割的中国化工收购总部位于瑞士的农业科技企业先正达金额达到了430亿美元。最近的趋势是,由于一些行业并购过热,国家认为存在不理性收购而进行严控,如酒店、影城、娱乐业、体育俱乐部等领域。

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