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中国城市越来越发达 可持续发展前景却不乐观

2017-08-26 17:25:48   央广网

在迅速城市化的今天,人们享受着城市发展带来的收入增长和医疗、教育等诸多便利,但大多数时候他们都忽视了一个现实:这种高水平的人类发展是以极高的生态成本为代价的。而中国城市的资源消耗和污染排放也正在阻止未来的人类发展。

联合国开发计划署的一项报告用人类发展和生态投入的指标对中国35个大中城市的可持续发展前景进行了衡量与排名。结果显示,在目前的发展模式下,大多数中国城市可持续发展的能力并不乐观。

和2015年相比,2016年中国35城的生态投入指数从0.32上升到0.44,这意味着需要消耗更多资源、排放更多污染才能实现发展。

从具体城市来看,生态投入指数较好的城市可以分为两类:一方面是努力控制污染的旅游城市和再生能源方面发展较好的城市,如青岛(0.277)、合肥(0.293);另一类则是发展水平相对较低的城市,这类城市GDP相对较低,因此资源消耗相对较少。以石家庄(0.286)为例,它在水资源和土地资源的消耗均为全国最少,虽然在污染排放等方面不尽如人意,但总体生态投入依然处于较少的位置。

同样,生态投入指数较差的城市也分为两类:第一类以长三角、珠三角工业区的城市为代表,如深圳(0.545)、南京(0.624),这类城市的工业发展需要大量水资源和能源,同时又依赖土地作为财政来源,因此生态投入较高。而另一类则以西宁(0.632)、乌鲁木齐(0.658)等西部城市为代表,对资源开采的依赖和冬季的燃煤需求让这些城市不得不以并不合算的生态投入保持发展。

既然投入了如此巨大的生态成本,那么各城市的居民们能够得到什么呢?联合国开发计划署的报告从预期寿命、教育指数和收入指数三个维度对这些城市的人类发展进行了度量。

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