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中小创分化明显 盈利成主导力量

2017-08-25 08:52:19   新华网

当我们提及成长股时,经常会自然的将创业板和中小板归入其中,虽然二者的都被看作是小市值成长股,但2017年以来的市场表现已经出现明显的分化。根据Wind资讯,截至8月23日收盘,中小板指数在2017年已经上涨了10.93%,而创业板指数同期下跌了7.88%。

如果再向前追溯二者的市场表现,2016年全年,中小板指和创业板指分别下跌了22.9%和27.7%,虽然幅度上稍有差别,但二者的市场表现几乎一致,年度指数累计涨跌幅的差值一直在±5%的范围内波动。然而自2017年1月开始,二者的市场表现稳步拉开,年度累计涨跌幅差值最高达到21%。为何同为成长股,市场表现在2017年出现如此大的差距呢?

首先从估值的角度分析。根据Wind资讯数据,中小板指数成分股的市盈率水平,自2016年年初至今基本维持在30-40倍的通道之中,2017年更是缩小在30-35倍的通道内。反观创业板指数,2016年至今市盈率呈现逐步下降的趋势,从最高点的67倍逐渐下行至今年7月中旬的低点36倍,近期又温和抬升至41.7倍。

估值水平的变化,导致了指数市场表现的差异,然而整体而言,市盈率的变化并不十分明显。截至8月23日,2017年以来创业板指数市盈率下降了2.1%,而中小板指数的市盈率上升了4.5%,对比指数表现涨跌幅差异的18.81%,可知对市场影响最大的因素,来自于盈利情况的变化。

再来分析不同指数的盈利变化情况。根据Wind资讯统计,2017年一季度,中小板指数成分股的净利润同比增速为18.94%,而创业板指数的净利润同比增速为-8.08%。目前上市公司中报仍未完全披露,但是根据目前已经披露的上市公司数据,Wind资讯统计得出中小板指数利润同比增速为16.96%,而创业板指数则为-23.12%(中报尚未完全披露,中报的业绩增速仅具参考意义)。

对比之下,虽然中小板指数成分股利润增速出现下滑,但仍然有望保持15%以上的增长。而创业板指数恐将出现连续两个季度的净利润负增长状况。业绩增速的巨大差异,是导致市场表现不同的重要因素。

还有一个值得提及的因素,就是市场的扩容,稀释了板块的稀缺性。截至2016年年底,A股上市公司中共有中小板公司822家、创业板公司570家,而截至8月23日,中小板和创业板分别扩容至875家、675家。相对而言,创业板扩容的绝对速度和相对速度都较快,稀缺性带来的估值因素也有所削弱。

今年以来的大盘股效应,在成长股内部也表现明显。上述提及的中小板指数和创业板指数,均是选取板块内市值较大的个股组成,如果对比中小板综指1.38%的跌幅和创业板综指10.98%的跌幅,板块内大市值个股的表现依然较好。

因此,整体来看,中小板指今年以来的市场表现远超越创业板指,影响因素有估值变化、盈利增速差异、稀缺性改善程度不同、以及市值大小等。而其中最重要的则是盈利增速带来的变化,这也将是未来主导个股和板块市场方向的的重要因素:一方面是因为投资者的交易策略出现变化,经过成长股估值的大幅波动之后,回归业绩的观念逐渐加重;另一方面,则是因为经过前期快速成长期之后,部分个股的业绩出现了被证伪的现象,此时更显出业绩对个股的支撑作用。(谷永涛)

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