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教育企业掀转板潮 VC/PE迎来退出季

2017-08-25 07:36:25   中国经济网

去年年底以来,教育企业掀起了一波转板浪潮,除了大量的新三板教育企业沉淀外,不少非新三板企业也在谋求独立IPO。多家已开启IPO辅导,蛰伏多年,VC/PE的退出终于迎来了倒计时,教育行业上升回落再上升的过程后,资本变得日趋理性。

退出预期增强

“2014年底,教育企业成为上市公司跨界并购的热门标的,不过彼时完成上市的仅有两家,其中一家还并非完全意义上的教育企业,比例是相对低的。现在教育企业的盘子和市场不算小,并购或IPO想像空间挺大的。”奇迹曼特CEO王文武表示。

过去五年,教育行业发展迅速,尤其是2015年和2016年,多家教育企业成功进入新三板,形成了巨大的“池子”,经过一个较长周期的蓄势,教育企业迎来了转板潮。

“今年可以说是教育企业IPO元年,去年《民促法》三审落定,为教育资产证券化扫清了障碍,不论新三板企业还是非新三板企业都在谋求独立IPO,且已有教育企业过会。”桃李资本合伙人郭西凡对中国证券报记者表示。

据中国证券报记者不完全统计发现,目前新三板教育企业大约有250家,上半年有6家企业申报IPO辅导,包括亿童文教、颂大教育等;今年7月,世纪天鸿过会,成为新三板第一家独立IPO进入A股的教育公司。

“独立IPO增加了新的退出可能性,原先是以新三板并购、合并退出为主,现在主板上市一定程度上会带动其他教育企业登陆A股。”王文武表示。

王文武指出,教育企业一级市场的PE目前在15倍左右,由于教育公司自身成长规律所限,好的标的并不充足,15倍PE对VC/PE来讲并不理想,如果独立上市,投资回报倍数则会高不少。“资本对教育行业的关注有几年了,教育企业发展的规律逐渐被投资人熟知,很多投资人越来越懂教育,因此风险变得可控一些,高投资价值就凸显出来了。”他说。

投资回归理性

“前几年,O2O授课商业模式火了一阵,不过后来发现投资效果并不好,因为这类企业多数找不到赢利点。仅仅追求技术、用户数和规模,现阶段用互联网的玩法来投很难行得通。虽然目前纯技术的教育企业也有,但是实际变现需要过程。”王文武表示。在他看来,仅仅靠一对一直播或把线下搬到线上是无效的,重点在于是否实现教学、研发全面对接,实现教学系统重构。

他认为,在融资市场相对低迷的大背景下,VC/PE会更加谨慎。教育企业的退出不易,并非以纯技术或纯互联网为导向,因此很难用资本催生出来。此外,教育企业的扩张速度、增长斜率以及自身净利润也很关键,等到体量已经很大了,再达到互联网的增速可能性不大,弄清了教育企业的发展规律,资本就会变得理性。

郭西凡认为,部分O2O类的教育企业该烧的钱也烧了,效果却不怎么好,归根结底,是自己没产品,无法完成用户群体的长期积累。一对一类的教育企业则要看头部企业能否延长用户生命周期。

桃李资本研报显示,2016和2017年,教育行业的融资有所放缓,不过仍然是投资人非常关注的热点行业,只不过投资人更加理性,相比模式,更加关注后面的产品变现。教育行业中后期的项目融资规模并没有减少,真正的优质教育项目,仍然会获得市场的认可。

“教育行业整体是往上走的,不过年初以来的融资案例数是下降的,线下经历了大班到一对一再到小班的过程,线上同样需要过程支持。”郭西凡表示。

王文武认为,教育行业经过多年资本的洗礼正逐渐走向成熟,整个历程来看,现阶段是对过去的延续,等到教育企业在主板独立上市而非借壳或被上市公司并购,或许那时候下半场就开始了。

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