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联通混改大戏 为何京东能“后发助人”?

2017-08-17 17:30:37   中国经济网

自去年国企混改“6+1”试点名单(联通等6家企业+浙江省)浮出水面以来,联通混改的一举一动受到举国关注。

身处备受瞩目的通信领域,当下经营压力重重,又第一个公开披露混改试点进展,还是唯一一家集团整体混改试点单位……种种因素叠加,联通成了混改先锋和样板。谁将作为外部投资者参与联通混改,站在这一幕大戏的舞台中央,一直是最大的悬念。

此前盛传BAT都将参与混改,以BAT在互联网行业的强势地位和资金实力,他们能进入投资者名单并不意外。8月16日混改方案正式公布,除了BAT京东也强势入局,而且京东50亿元的入股金额还多于阿里的43亿。互联网BATJ四大巨头因为同一件事齐聚一堂实属罕见,给了人们对联通混改极大的遐想空间。

众所周知,近年来联通因为在4G时代表现乏力,业绩在三大运营商中垫底。其2016年营业收入为2742亿元,同比下降1%;净利润为6.25亿元,同比下降94%。全国4G用户中移动占70%,电信占16%,联通仅占14%。

本就为改革而生的联通,再次走到命运的十字路口。通过混改引入优质投资者,借外部资源强力推进内部改革,一举扭转颓势,是其当下最重要的任务。那京东为什么能在最后时刻一鸣惊人?他有什么独到的本事,能拯救危难之中的联通?

在这个流量为王的时代,社交霸主腾讯、电商一哥阿里手里确实有让人艳羡的资源。不过,高速成长中的京东拥有独特的发展模式,商品自营、自建物流、技术优势以及供应链金融提供了核心竞争力,对联通来说都非常具有吸引力。

联通和京东合作的重点必定和各自的老本行有关。京东是中国最大的零售商,3C品类销售额占线上市场份额超过50%,拥有丰富的手机产品,是这一领域的绝对霸主。越来越多的手机新品选择在京东首发,今年以来就有锤子、一加、夏普、黑莓等一批新兴或知名品牌和京东签订独家协议。而联通拥有庞大的用户群和线上线下渠道,一大业务也是手机销售。双方合作后,利用京东的规模效应和物流优势,联通可以大大降低采购和物流成本,还能为用户提供丰富的产品选择和优质的服务,进而提升经营业绩。

另外,京东提出第四次零售革命理念,将自己定位于零售基础设施提供商,并在今年8月对外宣布了3C零售创新战略,大力进军线下,年内要建成300家京东之家和京东专卖店。实际上,据京东对外公布的信息,目前已经运营的近百家线下体验店有一部分就是京东和联通合作开设的。既借助联通线下营业厅这块地盘和刚性客流,又有京东丰富的商品、强大的技术和智慧供应链支持,双方在打通线上线下构建新型零售业态方面也前景远大。

此外,双方还可以用各种手段进行联合营销。此前双方就联合开通了“大强卡”、“小强卡”套餐,用户在京东每次购物都将获赠流量礼包。今后联通用户在京东购物,说不定能获得更多优惠。

得用户者得天下。现在京东有2.5亿年活跃用户,联通也有近2.7亿移动用户和7000多万宽带用户。双方都有庞大的用户群,合作后京东也可以利用自己在大数据和云计算方面的优势,帮助联通进行用户分析和精准营销。

对于中国联通而言,当下最缺的并不是钱。混改后的联通业务能与战略投资者的业务产生什么样的化学反应,尽快生成什么样的增长点,这才是最重要的。也正因如此,虽然50亿在投资者中不算最多,但京东的种种独特优势足以打动联通。

近期,因为和互联网公司的合作,联通找到了一条新的快速成长之路,慢慢缓过劲来。比如和腾讯合作推出“王卡”,半年就新增2000万用户。4G用户市场份额也从最低时的10%左右增加到目前的近14%。

能过这次混改,进一步加深与BATJ四大互联网巨头的合作,或许将成为联通在新时代反败为胜的关键。

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