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铁矿石 偏空格局延续

2017-08-16 11:03:56   中国经济网

自8月中旬以来,黑色系品种高位承压,全线下行。其中铁矿石弱势凸显,以收盘价计算,截至本周一已较上周创下的高点大跌近7%,跌幅居黑色系品种之首。究其原因,铁矿石供给端最为宽松,仅有高品矿供应结构性紧张带来一定支撑,而需求端受下半年地产、基建投资增速抑制,缺乏边际提升潜力,钢厂采购量易减难增,因而就基本面而言在黑色系中相对弱势。

库存压力无根本改变

存量方面,数据显示,在6月23日当周创下14539.3万吨的历史新高之后,全国45个主要港口铁矿石库存振荡回落,并于上周下破1.4亿吨整数大关。截至8月11日,库存进一步降至13834万吨,这或为日内行情提供一定支撑,周一铁矿石盘面价格止跌略升。不过,鉴于该数据仍然处于天量,铁矿石庞大的库存压力整体上并无根本改变。

增量方面,外矿发货量继续维持高位。8月6日当周,澳洲铁矿石发往我国1346.9万吨,周环比增加165.8万吨,相比去年同期增加237.7万吨;巴西铁矿石发货总量为644.5万吨,周环比减少105.7万吨,但较去年同期增加95.33万吨。即便考虑到今年下游需求明显提升,这一数量也仍然过剩,仅有高品位矿石相对紧俏的结构性问题仍能从供应端给予矿价些许支撑。除此之外,受前期外矿价格大涨提振,国内矿山生产积极性较高,有条件的矿山普遍已经恢复生产。同时,内矿价格涨幅远低于外矿,价格优势导致其市场竞争力得到提升,进一步刺激了内矿供应。

下游需求难增

截至上周五,Mysteel调查的全国163家钢厂高炉开工率为77.49%,周环比提高0.28个百分点,为6月下旬以来高位;盈利钢厂比例近四周以来一直维持85.89%不变,这也是今年4月以来的最高水平。在作为中频炉替代品的电弧炉大量上马并释放产能之前,钢材现货供应维持紧平衡状态,导致吨钢利润持续高企。受此刺激,有条件的长流程钢厂普遍已经满负荷运作,且这一状态已经延续较长时间。而与之相对的,钢厂对于原料矿石缺乏边际需求,即便每多生产一吨便能增加千元左右的利润,但去产能的政策制约与环保限产的严格执行间接限制了原料铁矿石需求。

另一方面,根据Wind资讯整合的数据,截至8月11日当周,国内大中型钢厂进口铁矿石平均库存可用天数为27天,已连续三周环比持平,这也是今年3月下旬以来的高位。考虑到这一数值是从4月下旬时22天的6个月低位逐渐攀升而来,在此过程中钢厂利润状况也一直在同步上行,那么在盈利钢厂比例持稳难升的当下,可以判断钢厂购矿意愿也难以继续提升,目前钢厂整体库存水平很可能已经到达中期高位,未来只怕易减难增,无法为矿价提供需求支撑。

宏观面或带来压制

国家统计局最新数据显示,2017年1—7月,中国固定资产投资同比增长8.3%,增速比1—6月回落0.3个百分点。随着7月数据尘埃落定,有理由担心在房地产调控的政策制约下,相关投资也逐渐受到抑制。而由于上半年经济数据超预期,未来国家将更多地考虑到政府债务因素,适当降低基建投资增速,在稳增长与去杠杆之间进行平衡,这些因素将影响市场对于未来钢材的需求预期,进而对铁矿石价格形成抑制。

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