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动力煤 回调空间有限

2017-08-01 10:22:27   中国经济网

供需格局好转

近期,动力煤价格持续下行,1709合约击穿600元/吨的重要支撑位。不过,7—8月供应增量不大,发电需求旺盛,动力煤现货下跌空间较为有限,期货也将止跌。

8月边际供应增量不大

2016年煤炭行业执行276天工作日制度,以此安排煤矿生产计划,煤炭产量快速下滑,价格随之回升。2016年四季度开始,276天工作日制度逐渐淡出市场,煤矿普遍采用330天工作日制度。工作时间的增加带来产量的提升,统计数据显示,2017年1—6月,全国原煤累计产量为17亿吨,累计同比增加5%。其中,4—6月的原煤单月产量分别较2016年同期增加9.9%、12.1%和10.6%。

产量的快速增加一方面得益于政策的放松,另一方面也源于利润的刺激。从调研反馈的情况看,由于利润良好,煤矿开工热情高涨,即使是生产成本较高的低热值动力煤,产量也随着价格的回升而恢复。为中低热值煤矿服务的几个集运站,2017年的发运量远超2016年同期水平便是证明。利润更好的中高热值动力煤,其生产更是处于满负荷状态。

需要注意的是,在高利润刺激下,供应量已经处于较高水平,加之8月可供新开的矿井不多,动力煤供应的边际增量有限。

发电需求维持高位

2016年动力煤价格上行的核心驱动是供应量下降,而2017年动力煤价格上行的驱动力是需求超预期释放。

2017年1—6月的总发电量为29598亿千瓦时,累计同比增加6.3%。其中,火力发电22215亿千瓦时,累计同比增加7.1%。即使是在需求清淡的4月,六大发电集团日均耗煤量也达到67万吨,相较2016年的同期的54.3万吨增加24%。

与之相对,工业用电累计同比增加6.1%,城乡居民生活用电累计同比增加4.5%,说明2017年1—6月电力需求的利好主要来自工业用电的增量。

由于钢铁等行业始终维持高利润,工业用电将延续强势,从而促使动力煤需求维持高位。另外,天气炎热,居民用电增加,每年7—8月都是迎峰度夏的动力煤需求高峰。当前,六大发电集团日均耗煤量达到84.77万吨,而2016年同期为77.5万吨,同比增加9.3%。84.77万吨的日均耗煤量为2014年以来的高点,已经超越供暖季的日耗,说明当前电厂对于动力煤的需求极为强劲。

综上所述,动力煤现货供应边际增量有限,需求远超往年,现货价格下跌空间有限,期货也很难趋势性下跌。操作上,建议空单离场。

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