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债市趋势性行情或可期
2017-07-28 13:58:11 中国经济网
从7月初开始,债券收益率陷入窄幅震荡。尤其是在7月中旬二季度经济数据发布以后,随着债券市场对2017年下半年经济增长预期开始出现分化,经济基本面及其预期对债券收益率的影响显著淡化。从年初一直到二季度,市场普遍认可的观点是随着固定资产投资增速回落等,下半年经济增速将弱势下降。一季度经济增长成绩单靓丽不仅没有打破这种预期,反而增强了市场的一致性:因为一季度经济增长向好尚在预料之内,4、5月份经济增长显现出动能不继的征兆,债券收益率出现波段性的下行,市场的一致性预期进一步得到巩固。但是6月份经济数据向好带动二季度经济增长预期再次回升,这种一致性开始瓦解——经济增长展现出来的较强的韧性和耐力特征令经济增长降速预期难以带动债券收益率下行。然而经济增长预期分化对债券收益率的影响却在逐步淡化,淡化的原因一方面是从历史数据来看,GDP增速已经连续8个季度维持在6.7%至6.9%的区间内震荡,虽然2017年上半年总体来说超出市场预料,但是也未释放增长可持续的信号,总体来说经济增长在基建、房地产等投资轮动影响下上行有顶、下行有底,并且在4月份和5月份连续弱势之后,6月份单月份经济数据的好转能否持续至下半年尚存在较大疑问,债券市场也在等待进一步明确的信号,因此经济增长预期分化尚未撼动长端债券收益率盘整的格局;另一方面相较于GDP增速,市场更加关心货币政策、金融监管政策在下半年的走势情况。毫无疑问,后者是导致国债收益率在上半年显著调整的重要原因,也是持续压制债券市场看多情绪、抑制金融机构配债需求的主要因素,但是随着全国金融工作会议的结束,债券市场在等待最终的政策细节出台,从这一影响因素来看,政策冲击导致的债券收益率已经达到了极值点。综合经济基本面及预期等内生因素和监管政策变动等外生因素,债券收益率近期陷入胶着状态是市场预期分化的结果,投资者在静待更进一步的信号指引,提防“黑天鹅”的同时也在以谨慎情绪防备可能存在的“灰犀牛”。
尽管债券收益率维持胶着的盘整格局,但是作为利率衍生品的国债期货却并不消停,在经历了半个月之久的持续盘整之后,7月25日至26日,5年期国债期货和10年期国债期货本季主力合约TF/T1709破位下挫,并且交易日盘中激烈搏杀,7月27日TF/T1709盘中下探至近两个月内最低点之后空头减仓带动尾盘回升。国债期货多空短兵相接的激烈程度与现券收益率乏善可陈的平静形成鲜明对比,也侧面反映出债券市场的暗流:尽管从影响因素方面难有启动趋势性行情的信号,然而无论是现券持有者还是押注趋势的投机者,均在为随时可能到来的格局做准备。
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