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鹏华基金副总裁韩亚庆:债市三季度有望迎来转机

2017-07-25 18:35:31   中国经济网

2017年三季度债市有望迎来转机

鹏华基金副总裁:韩亚庆

短期内金融去杠杆仍在推进,经济增长平稳情况下央行货币政策也很难转向,因此债市行情依旧受制于金融监管、货币政策中性的双重制约,趋势性行情仍需等待。但是在三季度末经济增长有望超预期回落,金融去杠杆逐渐见到成效后货币政策转向以及金融监管进入尾声,债市有望迎来转机。

2014年以来金融脱媒化进一步深入,以银行理财为代表的广义基金成为债券市场最主要的配置力量,尤其是2015年下半年之后,经济基本面并未出现进一步回落,但是债市收益率在增量配置需求的推动下迭创新低。本轮金融去杠杆使得银行表内表外资产负债表扩张的方式受到制约,债市需求受到抑制,中国债券市场的走势在下半年将重回基本面。

随着基建投资受到融资的约束、房地产销售回落带来房地产投资增速下行,经济增长在下半年会出现下行压力,届时债市行情有望出现逆转。由于资金重回银行表内,市场整体风险偏好下降,利率债尤其是地方债和政策性金融债可能会更受青睐,低评级信用债的信用利差会出现走扩。

回顾2016年债市,自去年四季度以来,央行首先收紧货币政策,抬升货币市场利率中枢,冲击杠杆操作所仰仗的低息环境,带来债市的一波大幅调整。今年4月份的银监会“334”文件从机构监管角度约束表内表外加杠杆的行为,债市收益率再度出现明显上行。因此影响下半年债券市场的最主要的两个因素还是金融监管以及货币政策。

金融监管方面,目前金融去杠杆还在进行,需关注银行资产增速、同业理财量价等指标来判断金融监管的进程。而央行货币政策依旧维持稳健中性,需等待金融去杠杆见效以及经济增长回落两大触发剂。

市场关注内地与香港“债券通”的“北向通”带给债市的影响,从资金增量预期和参与主体来看,笔者认为不宜高估“债券通”实施之后的短期效应,但也不能低估其长期影响。短期内来看,债券通在QFII/RQFII、央行三类机构之外开通了海外投资者投资中国内地债市的一条新的渠道,且更为便利。但是在目前人民币贬值压力犹存、汇率对冲成本高企和市场利率走势仍不明朗等因素的制约下,对内地债市的新增需求短期内预计有限。

但从长期来看,目前中国债市已经成为全球第二大债券市场, 债券通的施行,标志着中国债市的进一步开放,将来逐步融入全球债券市场。目前海外投资者在内地债券市场的持有比例仅不足2%,随着内地债市的进一步开放,人民币贬值压力释放,在利差和分散化配置的带动下,海外机构投资者对内地债市的新增需求预计会有千亿美元级别,对内地债市的流动性以及定价体系会有明显的促进。

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