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养老金管理更趋市场化 受托责任、受托能力待提升

2017-07-17 18:45:34   新华网

新华社上海7月17日电 题:养老金管理更趋市场化 受托责任、受托能力待提升

新华社记者王淑娟、潘清

我国老龄化呈现出速度快、数量大、持续久的特点,在这样的背景下,养老金行业的发展变革、养老金市场化、规范化管理成为迫在眉睫的议题。

日前“中国养老金融50人论坛上海峰会”在沪召开,与会专家和业内人士认为,养老金本质上是信托治理模式下的资产管理,受托机构要更好地履行信托责任、提升受托能力。

近日印发的《关于加快发展商业养老保险的若干意见》明确提出,要扩大商业养老保险产品供给,拓宽服务领域,提升保障能力。太平洋寿险董事长徐敬惠认为,这进一步凸显了国家对商业保险机构的重视。养老金市场的启动,意味着养老金市场将迎来重要的发展里程碑。

“过去的一年,可以说是我们国家养老金行业有意义的一年。企业年金规模突破1万亿元,全国社保资金规模突破两万亿元。”中国人民大学教授董克用指出,新时期养老金发展中遇到的核心瓶颈问题就是受托责任,我们把养老钱交付给金融机构,无论是保险、基金还是银行,相当于是托付给他们,所以养老金本质上是信托治理模式下的资产管理。

养老保障体系包括三大支柱:一是国家层面的基本养老保险,二是企业层面的企业年金或职业年金,三是个人层面的商业养老保险。目前我国的三个支柱发展不均衡,第一支柱比重较大,但面临较大的资金需求缺口,而第二、第三支柱比重小。

数据显示,2016年我国真正意义上的商业养老保险(退休后分期领取)的保费收入为1500亿元,占比仅为4.4%,有效承保人次只有1707万。而美国、英国、加拿大等国家的商业养老保险保费占比均超过35%。

清华大学公共管理学院教授杨燕绥认为,我们要壮大养老体系的第二支柱尤其第三支柱,养老金管理走信托模式是必然,目前在全球资本市场上,养老金信托和基金类管理已经占到了80%的份额。

当前,保险机构管理养老金、年金的能力正逐渐得到社会认可。今年一季度,国寿养老、太平养老、平安养老、泰康养老等6家具备年金或养老金管理资质的养老险公司,管理资产规模同比均出现了不同程度的上涨。

不过,我国养老金管理的市场化进程在发展初期也存在一些实际问题。长江养老保险党委书记兼总经理苏罡概括为:“受托角色存在虚化现象、落实工作缺乏抓手、行业缺乏统一服务标准、受托人专业能力有待提高。”

苏罡表示,未来养老金管理将朝两大方向转变:一是管理更趋于市场化,二是规范化的严谨态度。尤其是在企业年金过去快速发展的过程中,受托人的角色逐渐被各方认可。经过十年发展,我国企业年金积累规模跃上万亿元台阶。其中截至2017年第一季度末,企业年金法人受托管理规模达到7204亿元,达到整体市场规模的65%。

苏罡建议,未来养老金受托人的角色要进一步深化发展,在资产配置、资产管理顾问方案等方面,发挥其有效的作用,提高受托管理的绩效。此外,面临科技的发展,人工智能的发展,受托人可以改善制度化处理的平台,通过智能化提升整个养老金管理的作用。

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