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中国具有自主知识产权三代核电技术CAP1400研发成功

2017-07-10 18:38:16   经济参考报

在国家重大科技专项支持下,经过全国200多家企事业单位、两万多名科研人员、长达九年的共同努力,我国具有自主知识产权和独立出口权的三代核电技术CAP1400研发成功。上海核工程研究设计院展示了该项目研发的相关先进设备和材料。

三代核电CAP1400技术是我国引进消化吸收美国三代核电AP1000技术,应用非能动设计理念,通过重大专项科研攻关,成功实现再创新的重大科技成果。2008年,由国家核电技术公司牵头的CAP1400项目,被列入《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》确定的16个国家科技重大专项之一。

九年来,在国家能源局牵头组织、国家核电牵头实施下,包括上海电气、中国一重、东方电气、中核、中广核、中核建、三一重工、宝银、沈阳远大、江苏海狮等150余家国有企业及民营企业;清华大学、上海交通大学、西安交通大学、浙江大学等10余家国内知名高校;中国核动力研究设计院、中国工程物理研究院、中核武汉核电运行技术股份有限公司、中国原子能科学研究院等30余家研究院所,近2万多名科研技术人员均参与到CAP1400研发工作中。

截至目前,该重大科技专项共形成知识产权2894项,全面提升了我国核电设计、试验、安全审评、协同创新体系、装备制造等国家能力。在研发过程中,立足举国机制,引导资源充分利用与共享,搭建了众多政产学研用合作平台,促进了科研大合作、技术大集成、创新大集聚。

据CAP1400总设计师、上海核工程研究设计院院长郑明光介绍,CAP1400的总体设计思路是:提高电厂容量等级、优化电厂总体参数、平衡电厂设计,采用全新的全厂安全设计、工程设计和关键设备设计,全面推进设计自主化与设备国产化,积极应对福岛事件后的国内外技术政策,实现当前最高安全目标、满足最严环境排放要求。

目前,CAP1400示范工程施工设计已基本完成。成功突破了核电站国产化标准设计、型号设计、试验验证、核电站概率安全评价(PSA)、主设备消化吸收、关键设备超大锻件研制、安全壳制造、核岛建造安装等重大关键核心技术。实现了我国三代核电技术研发、工程设计、设备制造、试验验证的自主化,并实现先进软件平台和先进核燃料的自主化。

依托国家重大科技专项,CAP1400在进行设计自主化的同时,还着手进行设备国产化工作。设备国产化率现已达到85%。反应堆压力容器、蒸汽发生器、大锻件、主管道、钢制安全壳、核级锆材、蒸汽发生器、屏蔽电机主泵、爆破阀、安注箱、堆芯补水箱等关键设备和材料,均有两家以上国内厂家参与研制和生产制造。既能控制工程风险,又促进良性市场化竞争,全面提升了我国核电产业制造水平。

2013年以来,国家核安全局组织了近200位国内权威专家对CAP1400安全性进行联合审评,通过17个月六大专题5000多个问题的全面审查,最终认为:CAP1400以“从设计上实际消除大规模放射性物质释放的可能性”为目标,通过一系列计算分析和试验验证,进行了大量提高安全性的设计改进,满足国际国内最新的安全标准,满足我国“十三五”核电安全目标。记者 张建松

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