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税延型养老保险年内启动试点 满足多层次养老需求

2017-07-05 10:27:22   经济参考报

税延型养老保险年内启动试点

加快“第三支柱”发展 满足多层次养老需求

近日,国务院办公厅印发《关于加快发展商业养老保险的若干意见》(以下简称《意见》),其中明确,2017年年底前启动个人税收递延型商业养老保险试点。记者了解到,目前财政部对个人税收递延型商业养老保险试点涉及的相关政策和技术问题已基本形成政策建议。

《意见》明确,从四个方面部署推动商业养老保险发展。一是创新商业养老保险产品和服务。鼓励支持商业保险机构开发多样化商业养老保险产品,积极发展安全性高、保障性强、满足长期或终身领取要求的商业养老年金保险,积极参与个人税收递延型商业养老保险试点,为个人和家庭提供个性化、差异化养老保障。二是促进养老服务业健康发展。三是推进商业养老保险资金安全稳健运营。四是提升管理服务水平。

值得注意的是,《意见》明确提出,2017年年底前启动个人税收递延型商业养老保险试点。据了解,个人税收递延型养老保险,是指投保人在税前列支保费,在领取保险金时再缴纳个人所得税。通俗来说,这一险种在投保人青壮年时期投保,而领取保险金的时候已经退休,这中间的20-30年,综合考虑通胀、个人收入降低和个税起征点等税收政策,等于稀释了个税,给投保人带来一定优惠。

专家指出,个人商业养老保险作为我国多层次养老保险体系中的“第三支柱”,以税收优惠等措施促进其发展不仅能够补充基本养老保险和企业年金的不足,还能增加居民选择,提高养老金替代率,满足个人多层次养老需求。

我国现行多层次养老保险体系中,第一支柱为基本养老保险,第二支柱为补充养老保险,第三支柱为个人储蓄性养老保险。

推动第三支柱发展显得尤为重要。“目前职业年金和企业年金的覆盖面都非常小,而第三支柱的进入门槛比较低,只要拿出一定比例的钱缴费就可以建立个人退休账户,因此,税收优惠的推出有利于商业养老保险的发展。”专家表示,发展商业养老保险,对于健全多层次养老保障体系,应对人口老龄化趋势具有重要意义。

目前,如何确定个人可享受延税优惠的最高个人缴费额是最受关注的问题之一。过低,则无法达到鼓励人们养老储蓄,并在年老时获得较为充足的养老金的效果;过高,则会影响地方当期财政收入。专家建议,可以考虑实行比率限制和定额限制相结合的方式,通过双重限制,将商业养老保险可税前扣除的额度,退休后的生活水平差距控制在一定范围内。同时,可以考虑设置税收优惠幅度随着个人收入水平的上升而逐渐递减的制度,把享受较多税收优惠的对象限定在一定的收入水平之内。最后,可以考虑直接对低收入者进行补贴,激励其购买补充性的商业保险。

中央财经大学社会保障研究中心主任褚福灵教授接受《经济参考报》记者采访时强调,个人延税型养老保险属于自愿选择的险种,个人觉得合适就买,不合适就不买。“在试点路径上,还需要不断探索和完善,先推出一个试点,让大家感觉到这个东西的好处,提高大家的保险意识,然后再逐步修订政策。”

中国财政科学研究院社会发展研究中心主任杨良初在接受《经济参考报》记者采访时坦言,促进商业保险发展的关键在于调动市场主体的积极性,依靠单一的税收刺激政策可能还难以完全调动积极性。在他看来,需要在商业保险所得税、营业税等其他财税层面也做好政策配套,真正调动市场主体参与。对于试点推进的路径,杨良初表示,选择地区性试点,可以先在经济发展比较好,商业保险有需求有承受力的地区先行尝试,探索政策的可行性,然后再调整完善。记者 李唐宁 孙韶华 北京报道

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