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麦肯锡最新报告:中国对非投资为当地带来经济红利

2017-07-04 14:10:46   

无论从贸易、投资、基础设施建设、融资还是发展援助等多个维度来看,中国都是非洲排名前4位的合作伙伴,没有任何其他国家与非洲的经济往来能达到如此深度和广度。

近日,一则有关中国企业如何为非洲市场“量身定制”智能手机的消息在各大社交平台上“火”了。内置更适合捕捉深色肤色的拍照软件、降低智能手机成本,来自中国的移动通信企业传音控股在全球技术领先企业的夹缝中牢牢占据了东非智能手机市场25%至40%的市场份额。

不只是传音控股一家,近日麦肯锡非洲分公司发布的最新报告显示,中国参与非洲经济活动的深广程度大大超出此前的研究结果。

麦肯锡调研团队择取了非洲8个主要经济体(这8国GDP共占撒哈拉以南非洲总GDP的三分之二)加以研究,发现在非洲投资兴业的中国企业已超过1万家,相当于此前预测数字的4倍。在这1万家企业当中,约90%是规模不一、业务多元化的私营企业,其中又有三分之一为制造业企业。这些中国企业为非洲大陆带来了资本投入、管理知识和创业精神,加快了非洲各个经济体的发展步伐。

记者了解到,无论从贸易、投资、基础设施建设、融资还是发展援助等各个维度来看,中国都是非洲排名前4位的合作伙伴,没有任何其他国家与非洲的经济往来能达到如此深广程度。过去10年间,中非经济合作发展一日千里,双边贸易总额以每年20%左右的速度迅猛增长,外商直接投资(FDI)增速更高达40%。如果将非官方渠道资金流计算在内,从中国流向非洲的资金比官方数据高出15%左右。中国是非洲各国发展援助资金的一大来源,且注资力度还在继续增长。此外,中国也是非洲最大的基础设施融资方,近年来非洲最重大的基建工程背后几乎都有中国投资者的身影。

从经营领域上看,调查显示,中国企业在非洲的经营领域十分广泛,除制造业外,服务业企业占比达四分之一,贸易企业与建筑及房地产企业占比各为五分之一。2015年,在非中资制造企业年产值已达5000亿美元,占全非洲工业生产总值的12%。在基础设施建设方面,中国企业的主导地位更为明显——几乎占据了非洲国际EPC(设计、采购、施工总承包)市场近50%的份额。中国企业的盈利也相当可观,在1000家受访企业中,有近四分之一企业表示在一年甚至更短时间里便能收回初始投资,三分之一的企业利润率超过20%。而且,这些企业的市场触觉极其敏锐,能够迅速适应新环境、响应新机遇。这些企业主要侧重满足非洲日益增长的市场需求,而非出口业务。许多中国企业已在非洲开展了长期投资,有74%的受访中资企业对未来发展前景抱有乐观态度。

报告指出,中国对非投资和商业活动为当地带来了三大经济红利。一是创造就业和技能培养。1000余家受访中国企业的雇员中,89%都是非洲本地人。研究表明,在非中国企业雇佣的当地员工已达数百万人之多,而且近三分之二的中国企业向员工提供技能培训。二是知识和新技术的转移。中国企业通过向非洲各国引入新产品和技术,推动了非洲市场的现代化进程。过去3年间,约48%的中国企业向非洲大陆引入了新产品或服务,36%的企业引入了新技术。三是融资和基础设施开发。在问及中国合作伙伴的最大价值时,约50位非洲政府官员表示,低成本的融资渠道和明显改善基础设施是最重要的两项。他们还表示,中国企业的主要优势在于高效的成本结构和较快的项目交付速度。

麦肯锡全球资深董事合伙人Kartik Jayaram说:“随着中国在非经济活动加速发展,中国企业的投资领域将拓展到技术、房地产、农业、金融服务、运输物流等行业。”

经济日报·中国经济网记者 钱箐旎

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