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6年攻坚173米 “世界难题”兰渝铁路胡麻岭隧道贯通

2017-06-19 17:01:17   新华网

新华社兰州6月19日电 题:6年攻坚,只为这173米——“世界难题”兰渝铁路胡麻岭隧道贯通记

新华社记者

盛夏,黄土高原上的胡麻岭,绿漫山野,生机勃勃。

地面以下350米的山体里,一派热闹景象。19日10时30分许,被国内外隧道专家公认为“国内罕见、世界难题”的胡麻岭隧道终于安全顺利贯通,当作业面两边的施工人员握手时,现场响起热烈的欢呼声,很多人禁不住热泪盈眶。

这是千里兰渝线上最后一座贯通的隧道。为了这一刻,他们奋战了8年多——其中近6年,是为了攻克173米。

“豆腐”中的“拉锯战”

胡麻岭位于甘肃兰州与定西交界处,隧道全长13.6公里,并非全线最长隧道,却成为最后贯通的隧道,出乎很多人意料。

兰渝铁路有限责任公司副总工程师张有生说,胡麻岭隧道是第三系富水粉细砂层隧道群的典型代表,这种地层围岩软弱、富水、成岩性差,常伴有集中涌水涌砂现象。

记者曾多次深入胡麻岭隧道施工现场,看到作业面附近的洞壁上插着许多拇指粗细的管子,黄色泥沙不断从管中涌出,在地上堆成一堆,用手一攥,水便从指缝中流出,手指一搓,泥沙变成粉末。

2009年3月,中国铁建十九局进驻胡麻岭。前两年多,隧道进展顺利,到2011年8月,隧道贯通胜利在望,其中1、2号斜井间仅剩173米,项目部都准备好了“庆功酒”。

但是,当年8月19日,1号斜井方向的作业面发生突涌,大量泥沙如同泥石流,吞没已修好的隧道。此后近6年,施工人员与富水粉细砂展开“拉锯战”:前进,突涌,倒退,清理,再前进。由于空间狭促,大型机械派不上用场,有时候工人只能猫着腰,一点点把泥沙往外掏。

张有生说,这173米的第三系富水粉细砂层,含水量在20%以上,围岩呈流塑状,如同在“豆腐”中打洞,泥沙颗粒比玉米粥还细。

中国铁建十九局副总经理兼兰渝项目部经理曲桂有说,从2011年8月到2016年年底,胡麻岭隧道两个作业面仅掘进成隧123米,遭遇过6次大的突涌,仅清理出的泥浆就达15万立方米,相当于两公里的隧道长度。

用“中国方法”破解“世界难题”

当其他隧道一个个贯通时,胡麻岭隧道的173米成了影响全线通车的老大难。

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