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美公布放松金融监管计划 减少银行交易业务限制

2017-06-15 09:42:49   经济参考报

据《华尔街日报》等美国媒体报道,美国财政部13日公布了一项放松金融监管的框架计划,促请国会及联邦金融监管机构放宽2008年以来实施的严格规管,刺激银行业向商界提供借贷,推动经济发展和创造就业。分析认为,这项影响层面广泛的计划试图颠覆目前美国的金融监管框架,在美国国内引发分歧。

据报道,这份近150页的报告提出了100多项改革建议,其中大多数将通过监管部门而非国会来达成。报告要求包括联邦存款保障公司(FDIC)、消费者金融保障机构(CFPB)、联邦储备局等在内的金融监管机构放宽监管。报告提议的改革举措包括:放松大型银行交易业务目前面临的限制,减轻他们必须进行的年度压力测试负担,以及减少消费者金融保护局的职权等,以往消费者金融保护局一直在极力搜寻金融机构可能存在的不当行为。

这项改革计划将扩大金融稳定监管委员会(FSOC)的职权,该部门由美国财政部长努钦执掌。该计划还将调整美国国内实施的全球资本标准,为美国银行对抗海外同业的竞争助一臂之力。较小银行也将获得一些好处,资产在500亿美元或以下的银行受到的监管力度将小于资产负债表规模数以万亿美元计的同业。不过计划并没有要求监管机构取消有关《多德-弗兰克法案》订立的监管安排。

努钦在声明中称,此番监管改革是出于促进美国经济增长的需要,可给予消费者更多选择,并确保美国纳税人不需要再度出手救助大银行。特朗普政府已经表示想要保护消费者,认为当前的规定制约了消费者获取贷款和投资产品的渠道。

财政部的这一计划在美国国内引发不同反应。

金融业普遍对此表示欢迎,他们早就期望当局实施这类改革。在美国,七年前通过的《多德-弗兰克法案》被银行界批评“过于严厉”,这类举措将给摩根大通、美银、花旗集团、富国银行、高盛和摩根士丹利等大银行带来好处。报道称,包括大型和小型银行的行业组织对这份改革计划十分赞同,也有一些银行表示,他们希望在一些难题上能出台更多细则,例如监管机构规定多大规模的银行资产需要面临更严格的监管。

“这是第一次,政府对于我们关切的问题有所作为,我们的担忧得到当政者的回应。”美国金融服务圆桌组织监管和法律事务高级顾问里奇·福斯特称。《华尔街日报》表示,这项计划影响层面广泛,若该计划取得成功,将满足华尔街的很多心愿。

但改革倡导者和民主党议员等人士很快就指责称,该计划相当于给华尔街派送福利,对那些在2007年至2009年金融危机期间失去居所和就业的美国消费者有害。

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