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蔡昉:当前已处在第四次科技革命浪潮中

2017-06-07 15:34:52   

 6月7日,中国社会科学院副院长蔡昉出席2017中国企业竞争力夏季峰会。主办方供图

中新经纬客户端6月7日电(秦辰)“大家都在问第四次科技革命浪潮是不是到来了?根据历史经验,我们正在这个浪潮之中,并不是还要等待什么时候到来。”中国社会科学院副院长蔡昉7日在2017中国企业竞争力夏季峰会上表示。

蔡昉表示,在发展过程中,国家竞争力和企业竞争力两者是互相促进的关系,但当渡过帕累托改进的发展阶段之后,两者会出现合成悖论,企业存在着创造性破坏,赢者进输者退,赢者生输者亡,但国家只能进不能退,只能生不能亡。

他指出,潜在增长力是国家经济保持中高速增长的关键,潜在增长率的提高已经不能再依靠资本劳动的投入,因此想提高潜在增长率必须提高劳动生产率,而劳动生产率又可以由不同的部分构成,比如人力资本、提高资本劳动的比例、提高全要素生产率,这就是国家竞争力的所在。

在谈到中国竞争力时,蔡昉表示,瑞士洛桑商学院做了一个世界各主要经济体竞争力的排名,中国排在第18位,和去年相比,仅仅一年的时间就提升七个位次。他认为,劳动生产率的提高是中国经济高速增长极其重要的因素。

蔡昉认为,企业的创造性破坏能有效提高生产率。他援引一项美国研究数据指出,中国还没有把创造性破坏的机制利用起来,如果利用起来就可以得到更高的生产率,从而提高国家竞争力。

他表示,我们不能让国家有创造性的破坏,但作为国家竞争力的构成——每一个企业来说,一定是未来在创造性破坏中不断提高劳动生产率。“企业并不是齐头并进,你好我好大家好,而是一定会有的人不断提高自己的生产率留下来,还有的人会丧失竞争力出局、死亡。”

蔡昉表示,政府创造一个公平的竞争环境是能够利用创造性破坏机制最基本的政策前提。企业要提高自己的人力资本、每个家庭也要提高,但是人力资本培养具有外部性,有相当大的责任是国家的,因此政府要加大科研开发的投入,它也是带有社会效应的投资行为。(中新经纬APP)

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