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除了没面子,被断交的后果很严重

2017-06-06 14:12:26   

卡塔尔今天很不情愿地抢了头条。

5日,沙特、阿联酋等7个阿拉伯国家突然宣布与同属欧佩克成员国的卡塔尔断交,理由是卡塔尔支持恐怖主义活动并破坏地区安全局势。这事大了。

国际油价遭变数?

阿拉伯石油输出国组织欧佩克(OPEC)眼下正在实施其2008年以来的首次石油减产,14个成员国的原油总产量被限制在每天3250万桶以内。

就在此次“断交潮”爆发前十几天,欧佩克才刚刚和俄罗斯等非欧佩克产油国达成协议,同意将石油减产延长9个月至2018年3月,以继续稳定国际石油市场。

而断绝外交关系意味着什么?意味着两国围绕某些重要而紧迫的事项不再进行直接接触,而要借助某些第三方国家的外交使团实现接触。

中国商务部研究院国际市场研究所副所长白明接受中新社国是直通车采访时称,已断交的成员国“重新坐到一张谈判桌上的可能性不大”,而且违反减产协议对这些国家自身来说有利可图。在此情况下,石油减产协议维护成本相当高,执行起来存在很大变数。

中新社发 司海英 作

“这是国际石油市场的‘黑天鹅’,将使油价短期内承压。”白明说。

但从长期来看,中东此番风云突变对国际油价影响有限。

白明表示,一方面,美联储加息和“页岩气革命”对国际油价影响更直接、更深远;另一方面,作为世界多个石油供应方的一员,欧佩克对油价并不具有决定性的作用,“不会影响大局”。

实际上,在沙特等国突然宣布与卡塔尔断交后,布伦特原油价格一度大涨1.5%,但此后逐渐回落并保持相对稳定。“这意味着国际市场已充分消化了这一利空消息。”白明说。

卡塔尔经济伤“里子”?

除了没面子,“被断交”的后果貌似很严重。

遭遇“断交潮”后,卡塔尔金融市场随即崩跌。卡塔尔基准股指开盘重挫5.5%,随后跌幅进一步扩大至8.2%,约为18个月新低。该国最大银行卡塔尔国家银行股价几个小时内被削去5.7%。

不过,“被断交”伤的究竟是卡塔尔经济的“面子”还是“里子”,还有待观察。

作为已探明石油储量居世界第13位、天然气储量居世界第3位的资源富国,卡塔尔经济命脉在于油气出口,外贸是拉动其经济增长的最大动力。而卡塔尔前五大出口目的国均位于东亚,与周围阿拉伯国家的贸易往来实际上并不密切。

分析人士认为,考虑到卡塔尔政府财政状况良好,且港口设施相对完善,预计将能够避免因“被断交”而发生严重经济危机。

中国企业会遭牵连吗?

卡塔尔这次摊上大事,会殃及中国经济吗?

其实还好。中塔两国在经济上的交集并不广:卡塔尔并非中国石油进口主要来源地;中卡两国双边投资规模总体也很小,截至2015年末中国对卡塔尔直接投资累计只有4.5亿美元。两国至今也没有签署产能合作协议和基础设施合作协议。

但一些在卡塔尔的中国企业可能将面临考验。这些企业主要集中在油气、电力、通讯等领域,包括华为、中兴、中国电建、中海油、工商银行、中国铁建等。2022年卡塔尔世界杯主体育场,就是由中铁建承建的。

中东局势至今仍在发酵。中资企业在卡塔尔的项目运营将会遇到什么,还有待观察。

(李晓喻)

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