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中国全球竞争力升至第18位 “经济表现”高居第二

2017-06-05 12:06:49   

《2017年度世界竞争力报告》显示

中国全球竞争力大幅提升

深度融入全球化贸易,“经济表现”“政府效率”和“营商效率”等均有明显提升

本报日内瓦电 记者陈建报道:根据瑞士洛桑管理学院近日发布的《2017年度世界竞争力报告》,在全球最具竞争力的经济体中,中国从2016年的第25位跃升至第18位,并且在人均国内生产总值不足2万美元的经济体中竞争力排名最高。瑞士洛桑管理学院表示,中国排名上升的主要原因在于,中国更加深入地融入全球化贸易,促使其“经济表现”“政府效率”和“营商效率”等均有明显提升。

《2017年度世界竞争力报告》根据“经济表现”“政府效率”“营商效率”以及“基础建设”4项竞争力因素评估各经济体。中国在“经济表现”中高居全球第二位,在该竞争力因素下的“内部经济”和“就业”两项分指数中更是排名全球首位,从而使本年度总排名上升了7个位次。

根据该报告,在瑞士洛桑管理学院调查评估的全球63个经济体中,中国香港、瑞士、新加坡、美国、荷兰、爱尔兰、丹麦、卢森堡、瑞典以及阿联酋等分列前10位,排名最后3位的则分别是委内瑞拉、蒙古和巴西。该学院全球竞争力研究中心主任阿图罗·布里斯表示,全球竞争力排名与政府和企业的效能有关,排名靠前的经济体表明其经商环境更为友善和开放。

报告显示,继2016年丢掉全球最具竞争力经济体的地位后,本年度美国又跌出了前三,仅排名第四位,创下近5年来的最低点,显示美国经济不确定性上升。瑞士洛桑管理学院表示,美国排名的下滑很大程度上反映了调查结果,因为受访的全球高管在“政府效率”“营商效率”等竞争力因素方面都对美国打分较低。根据该报告,受访者认为,政治不稳定和保护主义构成更大的风险,抵消了美国在减少失业和稳定通货膨胀方面的进步。全球竞争力研究中心高级经济学家乔斯·卡巴雷诺表示,2018年度的报告将会更准确地反映出特朗普当选美国总统后对美国国家竞争地位的影响,因为新报告将纳入特朗普任期内的“硬数据”和最新调查结果。当然,特朗普政府在放松监管和减税等方面所作的努力也可能会有利于美国排名。

瑞士洛桑管理学院全球竞争力研究中心自1989年起开始发布全球最具竞争力经济体排名。排名的调查评估基于260个指标,其中约三分之二来自所谓的“硬数据”,即主要是上一年度采集的就业和贸易等统计数据。其他指标则来自当年度对6250多位企业高管的调查。目前全球共有63个经济体被纳入评选,得分100表明最具竞争力。

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