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官方:发行土地储备专项债券有利于防范专项债务风险

2017-06-01 17:12:23   

财政部、国土资源部有关负责人就印发《地方政府土地储备专项债券管理办法(试行)》答记者问

近日,财政部、国土资源部印发了《地方政府土地储备专项债券管理办法(试行)》(财预〔2017〕62号,以下简称《办法》)。就此,财政部、国土资源部有关负责人回答了记者提出的问题。

一、问:土地储备制度是什么?发行土地储备专项债券的政策背景是什么?

答:土地储备制度是指市县政府或国土资源部门委托土地储备机构,依据土地利用总体规划、城市总体规划和土地利用年度计划,将按照法定程序收回、收购、优先购买或征收的土地纳入政府储备,对储备土地进行必要的基础设施建设及管理,以备政府供应土地、调控市场的一种制度安排。土地储备是指地方政府为调控土地市场、促进土地资源合理利用,依法取得土地,进行前期开发、储存以备供应土地的行为,是稳定土地市场、落实调控职能的有效手段;有利于提供保障性安居工程用地,支持应对房价过快上涨,满足中低收入家庭住房需求;有利于保证土地利用总体规划和城市总体规划实施,促进土地节约集约利用,提高土地利用效率;有利于促进土地市场发育,为土地招标拍卖挂牌出让提供保障。依法依规解决土地储备资金问题,是保障土地储备工作健康发展的重要基础。

2015年以前,地方土地储备资金的来源以银行贷款为主。为加强对地方政府举债融资行为的监督、遏制政府债务过快增长势头、防范政府债务风险、保障地方政府合理融资需求,在借鉴和比较主要市场经济国家地方政府融资模式经验的基础上,立足我国国情和实践,从2015年起实施的新预算法(2014年修订)规定,地方政府应当通过发行地方政府债券方式举借债务,除此以外不得以其他任何方式举债。按照预算法要求,财政部、国土资源部印发《关于规范土地储备和资金管理等相关问题的通知》(财综〔2016〕4号),明确各地不得再向银行业金融机构举借土地储备贷款,土地储备融资需求应当通过省级政府发行地方政府债券方式解决。

与此同时,为保障土地储备等重点领域筹资方式调整后合理融资需求,按照新预算法和《国务院关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》(国发〔2014〕43号)有关精神,财政部积极研究推动完善地方政府专项债券管理,加快按照地方政府性基金收入项目分类发行专项债券步伐,着力发展实现项目收益和融资自求平衡的专项债券品种,并经第十二届全国人大第五次会议审议批准。根据地方政府性基金收入项目特点和相关工作进展,2017年拟选择土地储备等重点领域开展试点。据此,结合我国地方政府债务管理规定和地方土地储备管理工作实际,经广泛调研、论证和征求意见,财政部、国土资源部研究制定了《办法》。

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