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内外多重因素作用 人民币对美元现“久违的大涨”

2017-06-01 16:57:33   新华网

新华社上海6月1日电 题:内外多重因素作用 人民币对美元现“久违的大涨”

新华社记者 有之炘

新一期美联储议息会议近在眼前,市场预计其6月份加息为大概率事件。然而,在离岸和在岸市场上,人民币对美元罕见跳涨,1日人民币对美元汇率中间价飙涨500多个基点,在岸即期汇价突破6.8一线,离岸汇价逼近6.72关口。

自5月底以来,人民币对美元在离岸市场持续上涨。5月25日,离岸人民币对美元突然走高,当日连续涨破6.86、6.85、6.84,创两个月来最大单日涨幅。5月29日,离岸人民币对美元延续强劲走势,刷新今年2月初以来最强水平,离岸人民币对美元突破6.81关口。1日,离岸人民币对美元逼近6.72关口。

在岸市场上,6月1日,人民币对美元中间价报6.8090,较上个交易日显著上行543点,上调幅度创1月初以来最大。即期市场上,截至记者发稿时,人民币对美元突破6.8一线,在6.79上下运行。

华安证券宏观首席分析师徐阳分析认为,近期人民币对美元的这一波升值与年初那一波有相似之处,都是在离岸人民币流动性趋紧的带动下发生。5月31日,香港离岸人民币隔夜HIBOR隔夜拆借利率大幅上行至20%以上,离岸人民币隔夜存款利率升至15%,均创下创1月初以来的新高。徐阳表示,在美联储政策面临调整、国内银行半年度考核、金融机构资产负债表调整等因素影响下,离岸人民币市场短线流动性紧张,但相对长期的流动性暂时不值得担忧,未来如何演绎,有待进一步观察。

在国泰君安固定收益首席分析师覃汉看来,人民币对美元汇率出现“久违的跳涨”的另一个重要原因是人民币中间价形成机制再次调整。中国外汇交易中心日前发文称,考虑在人民币对美元汇率中间价报价模型中引入逆周期因子,人民币中间价形成机制从原先的“前收盘价+夜盘一篮子货币变动”变更为“前收盘价+夜盘一篮子货币变动+逆周期调节因子”。覃汉分析称,市场对央行“维稳”的预期越发强烈,令做空情绪明显降低。

从外部市场来看,美联储6月份加息概率已经超过90%,欧洲央行弱化“宽松指引”的预期也正在升温。安邦咨询特约经济学家钟伟认为,美联储进入加息和缩表的节奏,其他国家的央行被迫跟进,中国央行也逐渐放慢了货币供应增速,加上人民币汇率形成机制的微调,使得人民币对美元的汇率已难有贬值窗口。

另外,富拓外汇集团分析师称,海外投资者正在从债券市场中寻找机会,这为国际投资者考虑中国资产的可能性打开了通道,未来可支持投资者对人民币的兴趣。

不过市场人士表示,外部不确定因素依旧存在,美联储年末可能进行的缩表仍是悬而未决的变数,如果美元未来走强,人民币汇率或将再次承压;如果美国经济没有明显优势,那么人民币汇率稳定的时间将会延长。

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