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科技日报联合国5月29日电 (记者冯卫东)粮农组织全球信息及预警系统5月26日发布特别警报:一种传染性很强的疾病正在最重要的食用鱼类之一——养殖和野生罗非鱼中传播。粮农组织敦促对疫情予以重视,而且罗非鱼进口国应当采取相应的风险管理措施,加强诊断测试,执行卫生证书制度,部署检疫措施和制定应急计划。
粮农组织确认,罗湖病毒(TiLV)现已在三大洲5个国家得到确认:哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、埃及、以色列和泰国。虽然该病原体不会引起公共卫生问题,但可以导致受感染种群大量死亡。
2015年世界罗非鱼养殖和捕捞产量达到640万吨,价值约98亿美元,全球贸易额达到18亿美元。粮农组织认为,罗非鱼已成为全球粮食安全和营养的支柱。
粮农组织指出,罗非鱼生产国需要保持警惕,在开展罗非鱼贸易时应遵守世界动物卫生组织《水生动物卫生法典》。这些国家应该实施主动监测计划,以确定是否存在罗湖病毒,其感染的地理范围,并确定有助于遏制传播的风险因素。各国还应当开展公共宣传运动,让水产养殖者了解罗湖病毒的临床症状,可能造成的经济和社会风险,以及向生物安保机构通报大规模死亡情况的必要性。
目前,尚不确定罗湖病毒是否会通过冷冻罗非鱼产品进行传播,但粮农组织指出,罗湖病毒有可能比目前已知的分布范围更广,给全球罗非鱼养殖造成严重威胁。在以色列开展的一项流行病学回顾性调查或将确定影响低存活率和整体死亡的因素,包括罗湖病毒的相对重要性。此外,一家私营公司目前正在针对罗湖病毒开发减毒活疫苗。
按量计算,罗非鱼是世界第二大水产养殖品种,为包括许多小农在内的千百万人提供粮食、就业及国内和出口收入。中国、印度尼西亚和埃及是罗非鱼的三大主要生产国,而这种鱼被认为在撒哈拉以南非洲具有扩大生产的巨大潜力。目前,中国、印度、印度尼西亚正在对罗湖病毒进行积极监视,而菲律宾也准备采取行动。
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