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房企发债融资主渠道全面遭堵 借道信托“补血”升温

2017-05-22 17:14:20   经济参考报

“房企住宅类海外发债已经没戏了,商业类有可能放开。”上述券商人士表示,目前海外发债是全面限制,不过,未来对于达到一定投资级别的商业类用房,熊猫债有放开的可能。

升温 房企回流信托明显

值得注意的是,随着房地产主要融资渠道纷纷被限,具有“补血”作用的房地产信托业务悄然升温。用益信托最新数据显示,今年以来,68家信托公司共发行326只房地产信托产品,累计为房企融资1005.5亿元。从发行只数上看,1至4月分别发行50只、54只、113只、92只,分别为171.2亿元、169.8亿元、292.8亿元、258.1亿元。

进入5月,房地产信托发行依然“有增无减”。截至目前,5月房企通过发行集合信托计划募资额已达113.7亿元。普益标准发布的最新信托周报显示,5月13日至5月19日的一周内,共有24家信托公司发行了39款集合信托产品,发行数量环比增加11款,增幅为39.29%。其中,10款为房地产项目。

华融信托研究员袁吉伟表示,房地产行业作为资本密集型行业,资金来源将对其发展产生重要影响,融资需求依然势头不减,房企回流信托明显。同时在资产荒以及经营业绩考核压力增大的情况下,部分信托业务人员也有动力通过高收益信托业务增强创收能力。

不过,需要指出的是,房地产业务一直以来都是信托产品违约的重灾区。有报告显示,信托行业纠纷案件所涉行业领域高度集中。从部分已披露的案件来看,房地产领域的纠纷规模占比高于60%。截至2016年底,全行业房地产信托风险资产余额382亿元,占全部信托风险资产比例的32%;风险率2.32%,比年初上升0.02个百分点。

据悉,监管层有可能加大对房地产信托渠道的收紧力度。《经济参考报》记者近期从相关部门获悉,为抑制房地产的过热发展,针对房地产信托渠道收紧政策也将加码。在此前召开的信托监管工作会上,银监会信托监督管理部就指出,房地产信托的信用风险呈上升趋势,各级监管机构要重点关注房地产融资占比高、贷款质量波动大的银行业金融机构,以及房地产信托业务增量较大、占比较高的信托公司。

“随着金融监管加强以及对房地产的调控力度加大,进入房地产领域的信托资金可能面临监管升级,中小房地产企业的融资渠道将进一步受限。”一位云南信托相关负责人表示。

承压 地产债面临集中到期

对于房企来说,未来其资金需求将不仅用于投资。根据WIND资讯统计,在经历了2015至2016年的大规模发行后,地产债券逐渐进入偿还周期。截至目前,房地产企业待偿还的债券数量累计已达1996只,待偿还债券规模2.12万亿元。仅2018年底前,将有1055.86亿元债券到期。其中,今年8月、9月地产债到期规模分别达到112.87亿元、113.17亿元,连续刷新单月历史新高。

海通证券报告显示,截至2016年底,房地产企业贷款余额约7.1万亿元;存量地产债券规模约2.6万亿元,2016年净融资额约1.1万亿元;信托资金投向房地产业的规模为1.43万亿元,较2015年末新增了1418亿元。

海通证券分析师姜超表示,存量债务到期压力集中在2018至2021年。国内地产存续债券中约有75%是在2019至2021年间到期。贷款的期限以三年为主,过去两年产生的大量贷款也将在2018至2019年到期,故年内债务到期压力不大,但未来二至五年地产行业债务到期压力集中。

姜超表示,虽然目前来看地产企业在手资金较为充足,但在涉房融资大幅度收紧的背景下,房企债务偿还问题将逐渐浮出水面。从目前房地产行业存量非城投债样本中,74家已披露年报的房企数据显示,近九成企业实现了货币资金规模的同比增长,行业平均货币资金规模同比大幅增长62.23%,企业在手资金较为充足。“但随着海外债券到期压力加大,国内债务还款期也将来临,在此背景下,个体信用基本面将因融资能力和抗风险能力的差异而加剧分化,应警惕弱资质地产企业违约风险爆发。”他说。

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